Molecular Genetics

Differences between RNA and DNA

Functions of DNA

DNA replication and repair

Stores Genetic information

DNA stores Instructions for making proteins

Chromosomes are made up of thousands of shorter fragment of DNA.

DNA is the genetic material passed from parents to offspring

The most important molecule in the cell

DNA contains thymine

DNA ribose lack one oxygen atom

RNA contains the sugar ribose

RNA has the nucleobase uracil

DNA contains deoxyribose

The leading strand moves in the direction of the replication form.

Before DNA can replicate, the double strand must be unzipped to two strands.

Helicase, DNA primase, DNA polymerase , ligase and telomerase are all involve in DNA replication

The lagging strand move in direction opposite to the replication fork

There are two strands of DNA, which run in opposite direction to each other.

Reflections

  • Humans have 46 chromosomes that contain all the genetic information, and we have over 25,000 genes in human genome.
  • Owing to higher genomic size and complexity of eukaryotes, several origin and termination sites for replication are present along the DNA
  • The Okazaki fragments formed in prokaryotes are longer as compared to those in eukaryotes.
  • The human DNA is copies at about 50 base pair per second. Due to initiation sites present in multiple locations on cell the process is completed within one hour.
  • The process of expanding the new DNA strands continues until there is no more DNA template strand left to replicate or two replication fork meet and subsequently terminate.
  • RNA directly codes for Amino acid and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribose to make proteins.

DNA

Structure of a DNA

RNA

Structure of RNA