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ORANG ASLI - Coggle Diagram
ORANG ASLI
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORANG ASLI AND VARIOUS GROUPS
BEFORE WW2
the orang asli played an inportant role in trade and governance in the region, and alliances with the orang asli were much sought after by the malay settlers
Munshi Abdullah in 1838 saw jakun not only bringing resins, rattan and aromatic wood to trade with malays, but also working in malay gold mines (Andaya and Andaya, 1982:122-4)
in some parts of the region, the orang asli had important leadership roles and at times even oversaw malay subjects (Nicholas, 200: 74-75)
the chinese community in the malayy states had much less contact with the oranng asli than did the malays.
some chinese traders, cultivators and timber workers idi, however, have dealings with the jungle people and it seems that the relationships established were generally friendly and mutually advantageous.
DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF MALAYA
friendly contacts made by many chinese with the orang asli before the war became invaluable during the occupation
the jungle peoples also became targets for communist propaganda, which was particularly effective coming from men they trusted and whom they had know for years.
members of the MPAJA carefully nurtured friendships with the orang asli and they even went as far as to protect the jungle peoples form the attacks of bandits and japanese troops.
in return the orang asli aided the communist forces by providing porters, guides, food and intelligence on japanese movements if the latter should venture into deep jungle.
it was reported that out of a population of 50,000, a staggering 30,000 orang asli aided the communist guerrillas at one point during the emergency perioud ( Learym, 1995).
THE EMERGENCY PERIOD
for the first time, the oranga asli were the main interest of the British administration.
the success of resettling the Chinese led the authorities to believe that much the same tactics could be used with the orang asli in oder to denny their support to the communists.
thousands of Orang Asli resettled into hastily prepared camps surrounded by barbed wire to prevennt their escape.the OA struggled to adapt mentally and physically and mental and hundreds did not survive the experience.
after centuries of relative isolation they experienced considerable and often brutal contact with warring factions of outsiders.
the gorverment,which formerly ignored and neglected them, now took an active and extensive interest in Orang Asli welfare and development.
POST- EMERGENCY PERIOD
HEALTH
OrangAsli have 5.5 times the incidence of tuberculosis as the national average.
53.6% of the total malaria cases recorded in Peninsular Malaysia in 2003 (this is despite their very small populations)
80% of Orang Asli children are undernourished and stunted, many have intestinal worms, protozoa, anaemia, dental caries and vitamin A deficiency.
Health problems made worse by poverty.
EDUCATION
Overall enrollment has increased significantly.
But, dropout cases are high- disproportionately high- disproportionately higher than national average
In 2007, 36.2%of Orang Asli primary school children did not continue to secondary level
A significant number have never attended school at all (so, they do not figure in the statistics.
in 2007, a total of 7,029 Orang Asli children below age 12 had never been to school at all.
DEVELOPMENT
what type? (schools, clinics, roads, public amenities or dams and resettlement)
How?- Since OA are different (traditional lifestyle, culture, beliefs, interaction with modern world, etc).
Unfolding social history
Video.
GROUP AND LOCATION OF ORANG ASLI
negrito (semang)
kensiu
kintak
jahai
lanoh
mandriq
batek
locations
:check: northeast kedah
:check:kedah- perak border
:check:northeast perak and west kelantan
:check:north central perak
:check: southeast kelantan
:check:northeast pahang and south kelantan
senoi
locations
:check:northwest pahang and south perak
:check: north perak and south kelantan
:check:central pahang
:check:coastal selangor
:check:south central pahang
temiar
jah hut
semai
chewong
mah meri
semoq beri
aboriginal (proto) malay
temuan
semelai
jakun
orang kanaq
orang kuala
orang seletar
locations
:check:selangor and negeri sembilan
:check:central pahang and east negeri sembilan
:check:south pahang and north johor
:check: east johor
:check:west and south coasts of johor