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CHAPTER 2 : POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2 : POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Achieve universal primary education.
Promote gender equality and empower women.
Reduce child mortality.
Improve maternal health.
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
Ensure environmental sustainability.
Develop a global partnership for development.
Poverty
(The condition where the human cannot afford the human basic needs such as clean water, nutrition, health care, clothing and shelter)
Concept of Poverty
1. Absolute Poverty
-measured in terms of Poverty Line Income (PLI)
-income earns less than PLI
-gross monthly incomes of household is insufficient to purchase the necessities of life.
2. Absolute Hardcore Poverty
-emphasis to the needs of poor group
household whose gross monthly incomes were below half the PLI known as hardcore poor
3. Relative Poverty
-income less than another group
-measured by using income disparity ratio of income group ethnic urban and rural.
household incomes is less than half median and median income
Concept of Poverty*
1. Absolute Poverty
-measured in terms of Poverty Line Income (PLI)
-income earns less than PLI
-gross monthly incomes of household is insufficient to purchase the necessities of life.
2. Absolute Hardcore Poverty
-emphasis to the needs of poor group
household whose gross monthly incomes were below half the PLI known as hardcore poor
3. Relative Poverty
-income less than another group
-measured by using income disparity ratio of income group ethnic urban and rural.
household incomes is less than half median and median income
POVERTY LINE INCOME (PLI)
-Defined as an income sufficient to purchase minimum basket of food to maintain the household members in good nutritional health and other basic needs.
STRATEGIES OF PLI
Increase in the quality of life
Increase Income
Human Resource Development
Health and Nutrition
Direct Assistance
RURAL POVERTY
(Insufficient income to obtain basic necessities usually exist in rural area among rural area people)
Cause
Most of them are farmers and involved in traditional agriculture sector
Lack of capital and affordability to acquire technology
Salary and wage earned below the PLI rate
Profits taken by the middlemen
Strategies
To increase access of the rural community to generate better income
To provide better access of the rural community to ICT and new technologies and improve farming practice.
To further improve the quality of life of the rural population.
URBAN POVERTY
-Urban population in poverty as a result of the crisis from urban areas where contraction in economic activities and construction and manufacturing sector result in retrenchment and unemployment and inflation were greater.
CAUSES
High cost of living in urban areas.
increased cost in basic goods and amenities.
Lack of job opportunities in the rural areas and housing problems in town.
STRATEGY
Housing
Job opportunities
Educational facilities
Better town planning
Infrastructure development
Educating the people on importance to work hard