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NETWORK AND TELECOMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
NETWORK AND TELECOMMUNICATION
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, and it's the Internet's language. A user viewing a webpage is an example of TCP/IP in operation. abbreviation. 1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A network communication standard that allows application programmes and computer devices to send and receive messages. Its purpose is to transfer packets across the internet and guarantee that data and messages are delivered successfully through networks.
Describe the TCP/IP Reference Model.
Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model:
Layer 1: Host-to-network Layer
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The lowest of all the layer
The protocol is used to connect to the host and send packets across it.
It differs from one host to the next and from one network to the next.
Layer 2: Internet layer
The internet layer is the selection of a packet switching network that is based on a connectionless internetwork layer.
It is the layer that binds the entire structure together.
It enables the package to get to its destination on its own.
The order in which packets arrive differs from the order in which they are despatched.
In this layer, IP (Internet Protocol) is employed.
The Internet Layer performs the following functions: - Delivering IP packets - Routing - Avoiding congestion
Layer 3: Transport Layer
It determines whether data should be sent in parallel or on a single route.
The transport layer performs functions on the data such as multiplexing, segmenting, and splitting.
The apps have access to the transport layer and may read and write to it.
The header information is added to the data by the transport layer.
The transport layer divides the message (data) into smaller units so that the network layer can handle it more efficiently.
The packets to be transmitted are also arranged in sequence by the transport layer.
Layer 4: Application Layer
Many applications at the top of the protocol stack were detailed in the TCP/IP standards. TELNET, FTP, SMTP, DNS, and other protocols were among them.
TELNET is a two-way communication technology that allows you to connect to and run applications on a distant system.
FTP (File Transfer Mechanism) is a protocol for transferring files between computers connected by a network. It's dependable, easy, and effective.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) is a protocol for transporting electronic mail along a route between a source and a destination.
For Hosts linked across a network, DNS (Domain Name Server) translates an IP address into a textual address.
It allows peer entities to communicate with one another.
It specifies the following two end-to-end protocols: TCP and UDP are two different protocols.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that allows you to send and receive data over the internet. It's a dependable connection-oriented protocol that handles byte-streams from source to destination without error and allows for flow control.
User-Datagram Protocol (UDP): It's a connectionless protocol that's unreliable.
6) What are TWO ways to communicate a message in a network?
Vertical or horizontal two-way communication can take place. Vertical two-way communication occurs in an organizational context when a subordinate communicates with a superior.
Horizontal two-way communication, on the other hand, involves communication between personnel of the same level.
Examples of Two-Way Communication
Instant Messaging
Messages and feedback may be conveyed rapidly via instant messaging. It helps users to know when the other person receives the message or is online. It is now a standard feature of a number of social networking platforms
Chat Rooms
Instant messages are delivered to groups of individuals in chat rooms. These are open-access rooms with no restrictions on who may enter. Everyone may send a message or provide comments, thus contact is unrestricted.
Telephone
-There may be a distinction between how phones are developed now and how they were designed in the past. However, their goal has remained the same. It's simple to create excellent two-way communication and contact someone who lives far away when you use the telephone.
In-person Interaction
The most successful approach of conveying messages and obtaining feedback is through in-person engagement or conversation, which helps to create opportunities and long-term strong links.
7) Describe different types of physical transmission media and transmission speed.
Types of physical transmission media
Physical Transmission Media:
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)
Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP)
Coaxial Cable.
Fiber Optic Cable.
Types of transmission speed
Serial Transmission
*Definition
- Data flows in 2 directions, bit by bit
Cost
- Economical
Number of bits transferred per clock pulse
- 1 bit
Speed
- Slow
Applications
- Used for long-distance communication
Example
- Computer to computer
Parallel Transmission
*Definition
-Data flows in multiple directions, 8 bits (1 byte) at a time
Cost
- Expensive
Number of bits transferred per clock pulse
- 8 bits or 1 byte
Speed
- Fast
Applications
- Used for short-distance communication
Example
- Computer to printer
