PAIN AND ACHE
Pain is a signal from the nervous system that something is wrong. It is an unpleasant sensation, such as a prick, tingling, stinging, burning or DISCOMFORT. The pain can be sharp or dull. Can be intermittent or constant
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Some affect the upper respiratory tract (throat, nose, bronchi and trachea), others the lower ones (lungs)..
It is caused by a direct stimulus of the central nervous system (CNS) or a lesion of the peripheral nerves. It is not related, therefore, to the stimulation of sensory terminals and is usually accompanied by dysesthesias and paresthesias. It is common for it to be disproportionate to the stimulus that produces it (hyperalgesia) and to appear without an identifiable cause. It is considered a pathological pain, since it has no use as a warning or defense mechanism.
PAINS AND AILMENTS PRESENTED
Tonsillitis
What we commonly know as angina is a sore throat that in 8 out of 10 cases has a viral origin.
Rhinitis
The inflammation of the nasal mucosa can have an allergic, viral or bacterial origin. It is characterized by causing itchy nose, sneezing, congestion and runny nose.
Pharyngitis
It can be caused by a cold or the flu, but it can also be bacterial in origin. In this case, it produces fever. This inflammation of the pharynx causes white plaques, swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, and a sore throat.
rhinosinusitis
Pain in the area of the forehead, eyes and nose, malaise, fever, runny nose... These are the signs produced by the infection of the mucosa that covers the nose and paranasal sinuses
Common cold
Almost all people suffer from it, mainly in winter and in the rainy season. It is a viral infection that affects the nose and throat. It is characterized by producing sneezing, runny nose, cough and nasal congestion. Sometimes it can cause fever and headache.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes leads to shortness of breath, chest pain, and incessant coughing.
Asthma
It is characterized as a chronic disease and asthmatic people not only have difficulty breathing, but also suffer from fatigue, insomnia, wheezing in the chest and, sometimes, the inability to perform daily tasks.
Pneumonia
The symptoms of this infection are: chest pain, rapid breathing, fever, chills, cough and loss of appetite. And its main cause is a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae.*
Other causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, sleep apnea and, in general, occupational respiratory diseases.
Musculoskeletal pain is one that is caused by dysfunction or damage to any of the organs or tissues mentioned above, which make up the musculoskeletal system. The characteristics of the pain can be very varied in terms of location, duration and intensity.
The cause of musculoskeletal pain can be a bone, joint, or muscle disorder; an injury to the tendons, ligaments or synovial bursa, or a combination of these. Trauma is the most common cause of pain.
PAINS AND AILMENTS PRESENTED
Dolor en las bolsas sinoviales puede estar causado por un traumatismo, una sobrecarga, gota o infección. Las bolsas sinoviales (bolsas serosas o bursas) son pequeñas bolsas llenas de líquido que proporcionan un colchón de protección alrededor de las articulaciones. Generalmente, empeora con los movimientos en los que está implicada la bolsa y se alivia con el reposo. La bolsa afectada puede inflamarse.
Joint pain (called arthralgia) may or may not be related to joint inflammation (arthritis). Arthritis can cause inflammation and pain. Arthritis can result from a wide variety of disorders including inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis), osteoarthritis, infectious arthritis, gout and related disorders, autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), and autoimmune disorders. vasculitics (such as immunoglobulin A-associated vasculitis), osteonecrosis, and lesions involving the articular portion of the bone.
Tendon and ligament pain is usually less severe than bone pain. It is often described as "cutting" and increases when the affected tendon or ligament is stretched or moved and is usually relieved by rest. Common causes of tendon pain include tendinitis, tenosynovitis, lateral epicondylitis or medial epicondylitis, and tendon trauma. The most common cause of ligament pain is trauma (sprains).
Fibromyalgia can cause pain in muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The pain is usually perceived as tenderness in multiple locations and can be difficult to describe precisely, but it is usually not from the joints. Affected people often have other symptoms, such as fatigue and sleep disturbances.
Muscle pain (called myalgia) is often less severe than bone pain, but it can be very bothersome. For example, a muscle spasm or a calf cramp (a sustained and very painful muscle contraction) causes severe pain. Pain can occur when a muscle is affected by injury, loss of blood flow, infection, or a tumor. Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that causes severe pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper and lower back, and hips.
Bone pain is usually deep, piercing, or dull. It is usually the result of trauma. Other less common causes are osteomyelitis bone infection, endocrinological disorders and tumors.
Assessment of musculoskeletal pain
In trying to establish the cause of joint pain, the doctor first determines
• How many and which joints are involved
• If the central part of the skeleton (ie, the spine and pelvis) is affected
• Whether the joint pain is acute or chronic
• What factors relieve or worsen the pain?
• If there are other symptoms that affect other organs (for example, skin rash, fever, or dry eyes)
Identifying these factors provides important clues as to which disorder is most likely responsible for the pain. The doctor performs a physical examination to determine these factors and to look for other important findings that could help determine the cause of the pain.
PAINS AND AILMENTS PRESENTED
Depending on your course
Pain that persists throughout the day without relief is called continuous and its sudden and transitory exacerbations, breakthrough pain. The latter can in turn be classified as incidental (when there is a triggering factor such as movement, eating or defecation) and idiopathic or spontaneous.
According to its intensity
It is considered mild if it does not interfere with the ability to carry out daily activities, moderate when it makes these activities difficult, and severe when it even interferes with rest.
nociceptive pain
It is caused by the activation of pain receptors (nociceptors) in response to a stimulus (injury, inflammation, infection, disease). As with acute pain, there is usually a direct relationship between its intensity and the severity of the aggression.
Nociceptive pain is divided into:
• Somatic pain, when receptors in the skin, musculoskeletal or vascular system are stimulated. It is characterized by being well localized and although it is often stabbing, its typology varies from one patient to another.
*• Visceral pain, which is due to injuries or dysfunctions of the internal organs, although there are viscera that do not hurt, such as the liver or the lung. It is deep, continuous and poorly localized and even radiates to areas far from the point of origin. It is usually accompanied by vegetative symptoms (nausea, vomiting, sweating).
PAINS AND AILMENTS PRESENTED
Heart disease includes a wide variety of diseases that stem from the heart. Heart disease includes the following:
Blood vessel disease, such as coronary artery disease
Symptoms of heart disease in the blood vessels
• Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
• Heart defects from birth (congenital heart defects)
• Heart valve disease
• Heart muscle disease
• Heart infection
• Chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina pectoris)
• Shortness of breath
• Pain, numbness, weakness, and cold feeling in the legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of the body are narrowed
• Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen, or back
PREVENTION
• Controls other conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
• Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week.
• Follow a diet low in salt and saturated fat.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Reduces and controls stress.
• Have good hygiene habits.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The lymphatic system clears infection and maintains fluid balance in the body. If it doesn't work properly, fluid builds up in the tissues and causes swelling called lymphedema. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockages, and cancer.
PAINS AND AILMENTS PRESENTED
Lymphedema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in soft tissue due to a blockage in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system helps fight infection and other diseases by transporting lymph throughout the body. Lymph is a colorless fluid that contains white blood cells. Lymph is also called lymphatic fluid
Causes of lymphedema
Lymphedema is often a predictable, long-term side effect of some cancer treatments. The most common causes of lymphedema in cancer survivors include:
Most often, lymphedema affects the arms and legs. It is more common in people who have been treated for breast cancer or cancers affecting the urinary tract, bladder, kidneys, prostate, testicles or penis.
Symptoms of lymphedema
People with lymphedema in the arm or leg may have the following symptoms:
Swelling that begins in the arm or leg.
A feeling of heaviness in the arm or leg.
Weakness or decreased flexibility.
Rings, watches, or clothing feel too tight.
Discomfort or pain.
Tightness, shine, heat or redness in the skin.
Hardened skin or skin that does not sag at all when pressure is applied.
Skin thickening.
Orange peel appearance (swelling with small dimples).
Small blisters that ooze a clear liquid.
Surgery in which lymph nodes were removed.* For example, surgery for breast cancer often involves removing 1 or more of the lymph nodes under the arm to check for cancer. This can cause lymphedema in the arm.