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Reproductive System- Gladis Vazquez P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System- Gladis Vazquez P.5
major functions of the reproductive system
only body system a person does not need to survive
develops and maintains organs for production of offspring
gonads (testes and ovaries)
male sex cell sperm
female sex cell oocytes
male system delivers sperm to female
female house and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
anatomy of the male reproductive structures
testes: produce sperm and hormones
accessory (secondary) sex organs of the male
internal and external reproductive organs
Testes
each consist of 250 lobules separated by connective tissues
seminiferous tubles are lined with stratified epithelium that contains spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells
vas deferens channels leading from the seminiferous tubulees carry sperm to the epididymis
internal organs
nuture & transport sperm cell
testis
seminal vesicle
saclike structure attached to vas deferens near base of urinary bladder
during emission, seminal vesicles secrete a fluid that makes up a large portion of semen
contains fructose to nurish sperm
has an alkaline pH, to help regulate pH in vagina
epididymis
sperm become motile& develop the ability to fertilize an egg
site of sperm maturation
tightly coild tube connected to testis, leading from testis to ducts
ducts deferens
travels through prostate gland & empties its contents into uretha
unites w/the seminal vesical ducts & empties into ejaculatory ducts
muscular tube, leading from epididymis into body cavity
other accessory organs
prostate gland
chestnut shaped structure surrounding uretha at base of urinary bladder
secrete a thin milky fluid that contains atrate, a nurtient for sperm & prostate specific antigen
bulbourethral gland
are small glands located inferior to prostate gland
secrete mucous into uretha to luberate tip of penis in response to sexual stimulation
external organs
scrotum
a pouch of skin & subcutaneous tissue that house the tests
suspeneded from lower abdomen, posteriors to the penis
sperm production needs temperature
penis
cylindrical organs that conveys both urine & semen to the outside
contains specialized erectile tissue which stiffens of sexual intercourse
corpus spongoisum enlarges at its distal end to form the glan penis, which is covered by a loose fold of skin (prepuce)
anatomy of the female reproductive structures
produce female sex hormones
deliver, feed, nurture offspring
primary sex organs are the ovaries
transport these cells to the site of ferilization
internal
uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
lead from the ovary to uterus
near ovaries, they expand to form an infundibullum w/fingerlike fimbriae on its margins
cell lining the tubes have cilia which beat in unison drawing egg cell into uterine tube
normal site of ferilization
uterus
hollow musculat organ
receives embryo from uterine tube & maintains development of the embryo & then fetus
upper 2/3, the body has a dome shaped top the fundus
lower 1/3, is the cervix which extends into the vagina
uterine wall has 3 layer
glandular endometrium (inner)
myometrium (muscular wall)
perimtrium (outer)
vagina
fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to the outside
vaginal wall consist of 3 layers
conveys uterine secretions, penis goes inside during sexual intercouse
also known as the birthcanal
external
labia majora
enclose and protects other external reproductive organs; correspond to the scrotum of the male
anterior ends meets to form the mons pubis, which covers the pubic symphysis
labia minora
flattened, longitudinal folds btw. the labia minora
forms a hood around the clitoris
clitoris
small projection at anterior end of vuvla btw. labia minora
corresponds to the penis and has a similar structure
contains colums of erectile tissue
vestibule
space enclosed by labia minora into when the vagina & uretha open
vestibular glands lie on either side of vaginal opening
hormones of the reproductive system
male
testosterone
stimulates development of male reproductive organs
responsible for male secondary muscular and skeletal growth
androgens
male sex hormone
female
estrogen: responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics
progesterone:a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): secrete by the hypothalamus; triggers production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
luteinizing hormones (LH): promotes developments of interstitial cells of the testes, which then secrete male hormones Testosterone
follicle stimulating hormones (FSH): stimulates sertoil cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
events of the female hormonal cycles
1.The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
FSH stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle.
3 .Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens.
Estrogens maintain secondary sex characteristics.
Estrogens cause the endometrium to thicken.
4.The anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH, which leads to ovulation.
5.Follicular cells become corpus luteum cells, which secrete estrogens and progesterone.
Estrogens continue to stimulate uterine wall development.
Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to become more glandular and vascular.
Estrogens and progesterone inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates and no longer secretes estrogens and progesterone.
7.As the concentrations of estrogens and progesterone decline, blood vessels in the endometrium constrict.
The uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs off, producing a menstrual flow.
The anterior pituitary gland is no longer inhibited and again secretes FSH and LH.
10.The menstrual cycle repeats
disorders associated with the reproductive system
AIDS
cause: HIV
symptoms: fever,weakness, infections, cancer
trearment: drugs to treat or delay symptoms
chlamydia
cause: chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
symptoms: painful urination& intercourse, mucous discharge from penis or vagina
treatment: antibiotics
genital herpes
cause:herpes simplex 2 virus
symptoms: gential sores, fever
treatment: antiviral drug
genital warts
cause: human papilloma virus
symptoms: warts on genitals
treatment: chemical or surgical removal
gonorrhea
cause: neisseria gonorrhoeae
symptoms: in women, usually none; in mean painful urination
treatment: antibiotics
syphilis
cause: treponema palidum bacteria
symptoms: intial chance usually on genitals or mouth; rash six months later, several years with no symptoms as infection spreads; finally damage to heart, liver, nerves, brains
treatment: antibiotics
methods and classifications of contraceptives
rhythm method
:abstinence from sexual intercourse around
time of ovulation; difficult to determine time of ovulation; not
effective
mechanical barriers
:prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse; examples: male or female condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
chemical barriers
: contain spermicides; are more effective
when used with a condom; examples: creams, foams, jellies
combined hormone contraceptives:
contain estrogen and
progestins to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normal hormonal
patterns of female cycle, and prevent follicle maturation and
ovulation; examples: chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives
contraceptive implants:
implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm; can prevent follicle
maturation and ovulation for 3 years
intrauterine devices (IUDs):
objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium, thicken cervical mucus
sterilization
:surgical methods of permanently preventing
pregnancy; vasectomy in male (removal of a small portion of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen), tubal ligation in female (cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing sperm from reaching egg)