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Reproductive System Linh Le Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Linh Le Period 1
Hormones of reproductive system
Male
Testosterone: regulate sperm production & induce secondary sex traits
Female
GnRH stimulates FSH & LH
FSH & LH stimulates follicles to grow, mature, & secrete estrogen and progesterone
estrogens: promote oogenesis & follicle growth & secondary sex traits
progesterone: works w/ estrogen to establish & regulate uterine cycle
LH spikes during ovulation & stimulates formation of corpus luteum
progesterone highest after ovulation to build uterine lining
estrogen builds up during days 6-14 for egg maturation
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Testes: primary male reproductive organ, produces male gametes (sperm) and male hormones
vas deferens: tube where sperm travels to ejaculatory duct
ejaculatory duct: seminal vesicle and vas deferens joined
epididymus: where sperm is stored and matured
seminal vesicle: produces alkaline seminal fluid that neutralizes acidic vagina and urethra
seminiferous tubules: where sperm is produced
prostate: contracts during ejaculation
bulbo-urethral glands: produce thick
urethra: passageway for semen ejaculation
Tunica vaginalis: outer layer
Tunica albuginea: inner layer
Penis: copulation organ
foreskin
glans penis
scrotum
Major functions of the reproductive system (male & female)
form specialized cells for reproduction (gametes)
bring gametes together through sexual intercourse
combine genetic info through fertilization
support development of fetus and birth of baby
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Ovaries: primary female reproductive organ, produces female gametes (ova) and female hormones
ovarian follicles: tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex of ovary
uterine (fallopian) tubes: receive ovulated oocyte & the usual site of fertilized
infundibulum: funnel-shaped opening to peritonial cavity
fimbrae: finger-like projections that drape over ovary
uterus: receive, retrain & nourish fertilized ovum
perimetrium: outer layer
myotrium: middle layer & contracts during childbirth
endometrium: mucosa lining that sheds during menses
vagina: birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow & copulation organ
Vulva: external genitalia
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
Mammary glands: produce breast milk
areola: pigmented skin surrounding nipple
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Ovarian cycle: maturation of ova
follicular phase: period of vesicular follicle growth
ovulation: ejection of egg to fallopian tube
luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity
Uterine cycle: monthly changes of the endometrium
Day 1-5: menstrual phase (estrogen & progesterone lowest and endometrium sheds)
Day 6-14: proliferative phase (rising estrogen causes thickening of endometrium)
Day 15-28: secretory phase (endometrium prepares for implantation)
Disorders of reproductive system
Breast cancer: detected through mammography
Prostate cancer: detected through prostate inspection
Cervical cancer: detected with pap smear
STIs: sexually transmitted diseases (most don't show symptoms)
Syphilis: bacterial STD & treated w antibiotics
Genital herpes: viral STD that creates sores
Chlamydia: bacterial STD that can cause sterilization in women & treated w antibiotics
Gonnorhea: infection in genitals, throat, rectum
Hepatitis: viral infection in liver & transmitted through fecal matter
AIDS/HIV: human immunodeficiency disease; pathogens attack immune system
HPV/Genital warts: can lead to cervical cancer
Trichomoniasis: parasitic STD, infects vagina/urethra & treated w antibiotics
PID: pelvic inflammatory disease, caused by STDs
Bacterial vaginosis: condition where there's too much of one bacteria in vagina
Methods & classification of contraceptives
hormonal oral birth control: contains hormones to prevent maturation of follicle
mechanical IUD: prevent fertilization and implantation of embryo
mechanical latex condom: goes over penis to capture sperm
mechanical/chemical spermicide: put in vagina to kill sperm
surgical sterilization: suturing of fallopian tube or vas deferens to prevent ovulation/sperm in ejaculation
hormonal implant: contains hormones to prevent maturation of follicle
cervical cap: blocks fertilization