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Reproductive System Mariah Mancinas P:1 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Mariah Mancinas P:1
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Male: Reproductive system is not active until puberty. Spermatogenesis: process of forming male gametes and occurs at the age of 14.
Female: Reproductive system is not active until puberty.
Male: Testosterone, synthesized from cholesterol, is transformed at some target cells
To produce egg and sperm.
To transport sustain cellas as well as develop offspring.
To produce hormones for sex drive in both female and males.
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Male specializated cells for the reproductive system are Sperm.
Gametes in males= Sperm
Primary sex organ is the testes
Ducts involved in delivery of sperm. - epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra
Accessory sex glands: Seminal gland, Prostate and bulbo-urethral gland.
The scrotum: Sac of skin that hnags outside the abdominal pelvic canity at the root of the penis. Affected by temprature changes.
The testes: Each teste is surrounded by two tunics. Tunica Vaginalis: outerlayer derived from peritoneum Tunica albuginea: inner layer forms fibrous capsule
Septa divides into 250 lobules, each containing one to four seminiferous
tubules
conveyed from seminiferous tubules to straight tubule →rete testis →
efferent ductules →epididymis
Urethra: conatins sperm and urine.
Penis: male copulatory organ
External genitalia: scrotum and penis, Corpus spongiosum: surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and bulb of penis, Corpora cavernosa: paired dorsal erectile bodies
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Female Gametes are Ova aka Eggs.
Zygote when egg and sperm fuse together
Primary sex organ is the ovaries.
Internal genitalia: located in pelvic cavity; include ovaries and duct system
External genitalia: external sex organs
Ovaries are paired structures flank the uterus, are almond shaped and about twice as large
Ovary is held in place by several ligements: Ovarian ligament: anchors ovary medially to uterus, Suspensory ligament: anchors ovary laterally
to pelvic wall
Ovarian follicles: tiny saclike structures embedded in cortex, conatin immature eggs aka oocyte. Each month a ripened follicle ejects oocyte in event called ovulation
Tube system include: Uterine tubes, Uterus , Vagina, Uterine tube whcih are also called fallopian tubes or oviducts, receive ovulated oocyte and are
usual site of fertilization
Infundibulum: funnel-shaped opening into the peritoneal cavity, Is site where fertilization usually occurs, During ovulation, uterine tube captures oocyte.
Uterus Walls: Perimetrium, Myometrium and Endometrium.
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male: sex hormone called Testostorne
Female: sex hormone called estrogen and progesterone.
Follicle stimulating hormone: LH, FSH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone: GnRH
Chorionic Gonadotropin.
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Production of female gametes: Begins in fetal period, Oogonia will divid by mitosis to produce. Primary oocytes will undergo meiosis I to produce and Secondary oocytes that undergo meiosis II to produce.
Ovarian cycle: Two consecutive phases ovulation which is occurring midcycle between phases.
Follicular phase: period of vesicular follicle growth (days 1–14), Luteal phase: period of corpus luteum activity (days 14–28).
1.menstrual phase, 2. proliferative (preovulatory) phase, 3.secretory (postovulatory) phase.
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Testical Cancer: Rare, but most common cancer in men age 15–35, 90% cured by surgical removal of testis and often radiation or chemotherapy
Prostatitis: common reason for man to consult urologist – covered in Related
Clinical Terms
Prostate cancer: Third most common cause of cancer death in males that affects 1 in 6
men in U.S.
Cervical cancer: It affects 450,000 women worldwide each year, killing half
Chlamydia: Responsible for 25–50% of all diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease
Trichomoniasis: Parasitic infection that is more common in women than men
Gonorrhea: Bacterial infection of mucosae of reproductive and urinary tracts
Syphilis: Bacterial infection transmitted sexually or congenitally
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Vasectomy: cutting and ligating ductus deferens, Nearly 100% effective form of birth control
IUD: placed in body through surgery and prevents 99% of precnancy, long term.
Condoms, internal and external: Foreign latex to protect from semen.
Homoral ring: Produce hormones in order to not hormally get pregnant.
Conterptive injection.