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6.SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image, image,…
6.SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Culture greatly influenced by the Counter-reformation
Felipe II impeded access to Protestant doctrines
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries
Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country
Science in Spain progressed slowly
Religion played a fundamental role in art
LITERATURE
Religious authors
mystics who wrote about their spiritual experiences
Saint Teresa of Jesus
Saint John of the Cross
Novels
Contained realistic portrayals of daily life
The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea
Fernando de Rojas
Lazarillo de Tormes
Unknown autor
The most important poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
ART
Used to spread Church's and monarchy's ideas and values
The most important works
depictions of religious themes
portraits
Styles of the Spanish Renaissance
Classicist
Harmony
Serenity
Influenced by
Italian art
Flemish painting
not portrayed
mythological themes
nudes
Mannerist
Second half of the century
The works
Expresive
Dramatic
Counter-reformation wanted
to evoke intense feelings in its followers
to strengthen the religious beliefs of its followers
ARCHITECTURE
The first third of the century
Plateresque style
Ornate facades
Similar to the work of the silversmiths
Examples
the facade of Salamanca University
San Marcos Hospital in León
Santo Domingo Cathedral on the island Hispaniola
The second third of the century
Classicist or Purist style
Reproduced the architecture of the Italian Renaissance
Characteristics
The amount of decoration was reduced
Classical elements were accentuated
Columns
Pediments
Examples
Granada Cathedral
Diego de Siloé
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda
Andrés de Vandelvira
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada
Pedro Machuca
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate
Alonso de Covarrubias
The last third of the century
Herrerian style
Characteristics
Austere decoration
Geometric spaces
Examples
Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Constructed by Juan Herrera
Elements
Monastery with a church
Pantheon
Palace
Was designed to reflect the greatness of Felipe II's empire
SCULPTURE
Classicist style
Important sculptors
The Italians Leoni Leoni and Pompeo Leoni
Other important works
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
The bronze sculptures on the altarpiece of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
The sculpture of Carlos V and the Wrath
Mannerism style
Characteristics
More expressive faces
Tried to evoke intense feelings
Reflecting dramatic situations of the Bible
Main works
Religious imagery
Painted wooden carvings
Altarpieces
Main artists
Alonso Berruguete
The Sacrifice of Isaac
The Martyrdom of Saint
Juan de Juni
The Entombment of Christ
The Virgen of Anguish
PAINTINGS
Most important Spanish Renaissance artist
Juan de Juanes
Examples
The Last Supper
Ecce Homo
Court painters
Carlos V
The Italian Titian
Felipe II
Alonso Sánchez Coello
Juan Pantoja de Cruz
In the second half of the century
Michael Angelo and Mannerism influenced the art
Characteristics of the influence
Elongated figures
Dramatic expresions
Examples
Madonna and Child
Piety
In the last third of the century
Most important artist
El Greco
Greek artist
Worked in Toledo
Characteristics
Drama and spirituality reflected on the faces
use of elongated figures
cool colours and dark tones
Examples
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
The Disrobing of Christ
The Holy Trinity
