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Concept Map: Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Spermicide: has to be used every time for sex; put in the vagina which kills sperm preventing it from contacting ovaries; 72% effective; possible allergic reaction
      - Injectables: injected in underarm under skin; every 3 months; can reduce cramps/ weight gain; 96% effective; possible lighter periods/ weight gain
- - - - Signs/ symptoms: Hepatits A: sickness, liver damage;
        Hepatis B: sickness for motnhs, chronic infection, liver diases/ cancer;
        Hepatis C: Chronic infection, Hep. C-related liver disease
        
        Treatment: A: no treatment; body clears it on its own;
        B: antiviral medications;
        C: direct-acting viral medication
        
        Preventing: A: vaccinate all children under the age of one, also safe food/ water
        B: HBIG (hep. b immuno-globulin;
        C: no contact w/ blood since it could be contaminated
  - - - Treatment: medication to cure the infection; won't undo permanent damage
        Prevention: testing for gonorrhea; latex condoms, abstinence
  - - - Symptoms: most common symptoms: no symptoms; damage to reproductive system;
        Females: burning urination, abnormal vaginal discharge
        Males: swelling/ painful testicles with penile discharge (pus)
        
        Treatment: Medication
        Prevention: getting tested every three months to make sure it doesn't come back
  - - - Symptoms: 70%= no symptoms; 30% who have symptoms get it 5-28 days after infection;
        Males: itching/ irritation of penis, burning after urinating
        Females: itching, redness, burning
        
        Treatment: prescroption antibiotic, okay if taken when pregnant
        
        Prevention: latex condoms/ abstinence
  - - - Transmitted by: males most lilkley transmit it to their feamle partner during sex; touching sores, sex w/ infected person
        
        Signs: painful genital sores, pregnant women can experience miscarriages (neonatal)
        Treatment: No treatment; antiviral medication prevent outbreaks
        Prevention: latex condoms; abstinence if partner still has signs/ symptoms
  - - - Symptoms: fever, chills, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, pneumonia, fatigue
        
        Treatment: no cure exists; anti-retroviral therapy elongates life
        Prevention: regularly tested, not injecting drugs, latex condoms, Drep vaccine
  - - - Transmitted by: Unclean needles; unprotected vaginal, anal, oral sex, can be transmitted mother to baby
        
        Signs: STD spread during anal, oral, vaginal sex; sores on rectum, lips, mouth, infected mother can pass it onto her unborn child
        treatment: antibiotics; can't undo already done damage;
        Prevention: abstinence; latex condos, frequent tests for syphilis
  - - - Treatment: vaccination, screening for cervical cancer, females 21-65 after getting it can't get rid; prescription mdication, PAP tests
        Preventing: latex condoms, abstinence, HPV vaccine
  - - - Treatment: Early treatment won't undo damage; getting tested/ using antibiotics
        Preventing: abstinence, being with partner who doesn't have STDs, latex condoms
- - - - 1) GNrh stimulates FSH/ LH secretion; 2) FSH/ LH stimukate follicle maturation and create sex hormones; FSHcells release estrogen, LH cells release androgens/ estrogens
        
        negstive feedback doesn't release gonadotropin
        
        Positive feedback releases gonadotropin, raising estrogen levels and LH triggered to surge
        
        5) LH increase: obulation and corpus luteum formation; progesterone= prepares for pregnancy
    - - Estrogen: Promotes oogenis; and follcile growth for ovary
        
        anabolic effect on reproducitve tract; quick pubverty spurts; promotes secondary sex characteristics (breasts, widened pelvis) metabolic effects: lowers blood cholesterol
      - Progesterone: works w estoegen to regulate uterine cycle; promotes cervical mucus; placental progesterone: pregnancy, prepares mammary glands for lactation
- - - - Scrotum: sac of skin, superficial fascia; root of penis
        
        Penis: roof/ shaft ends in glans penis; foreskin= prepuce that is loose skin; covers glans penis; internal penis: spongy urethra/ 3 bodies of erectile tissue
        
        Penis penis continued: Corpus Spongiosum: surronds urethra; expands to glans/ penis bulbs
        Corpus cavernosa: paired dorsal erectile bodies; forms erection with blood, becomes rigid
    - - Seminal, Prostate (by urethra below bladder, cowper's gland
    - - Alkaline fluid:male urethra acidity neutralizes vaginal acidity
  - - - uterine tubes: (fallopian, oviducts, FERTILIZATION SITE
        
        Indundibulum: tunnel shaped opening to peritnoeal cavity; has fimbrae wich are ciliated projections; FERTILIZATIONSITE
        
        Uterus: thick muscular organ; cervical canal, uterine body: interalos
        
        Uterine walls: (3) perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
        
        Myometrium:bulky internal layers of smooth muscle; contracts
        
        Endometrium: innermost; mucus lining w lamina propia; egg develops here
        
        Perimetrium: outermost visceral peritonem
    - - labia minora: skin folds Ilabia majora
      - Vestibule: recess in labia minora
      - labia majora: hair-covered; fat skin folds (female foreskin)
      - Clitoris: antrior vestibule; erectile tissue
      - mons pubis: on top of pubic symphysis
      - Mammary Glands; have aerolas
- - - - Scrotum: needs to be -3 degrees lower for sperm production
        
        Seminiferous tubes: Sperm production site
        
        Epididymis contractions: occrus during ejaculation and expels sperm to ductus deferens (vas defererns)
        
        Vas deferens: form of ejaculatory duct; goes from inguinal cavity to pelvic; joins seminile vesicle unit
    - - Spermatogenis: startign on seminifeous tubules; Sperm regions (3): Head: nuclelus and acrosome (hydrolytic enzymes) which penetrate egg; 2) midpiece: mitochondria creates ATP to move tail; 3) Tal: Locomotor w flagellum
    - - Copwer's gland: clear mucus during sexual arousal, lubes glans penis and neutralizes aciditiy
      - Prostate gland: smooth muscle contracts w ejaculation; creates milky, acid fluid
      - Seminal: smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation and produces viscous alkaline fluids
  - - - ovary-> superior region of uterius-
        
        Uterine tube: captures oocyte; smooth muscle goes through PERISTALIS:moving to uterus; Uterus functions: outlet goes to cervix then vagina
        
        Cervical canal: communicates w/ vagina
      - Oogenisis: gamete productionl starts at fetal period; oogonia: diploid stem cells proudce secondary oocytes produce OVA
        
        Ovarian follicle: closes over one oocyte; 3 follicle development stages: 1) primordial, transforms to secondary follicle surroudning primary ocyte, then vesicular follicles have antrum; primary oocytes in vesicular follicle resume meiosis, become secondary oocyte
        
        Follicle development : 2 stages: 1) gonadoindependent preontreal phas, 2) antreal ohase, stimulated by FSH/ LH