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ATP and ADP - Coggle Diagram
ATP and ADP
What is ATP?
ATP is the universal energy storage for all living cells
why do cells need energy?
Transport of minerals an ions
Movement for example muscle contraction
Synthesis of large Molecules like proteins
ATP is short for adenosine triphosphate
what is ATP composed of?
a nitrogenous base - always adenine (purine base)
a pentose sugar - ribose sugar
3 phosphate groups
ATP is similar to a nucleotide
ATP is a co-enzyme (a molecule which assists the enzymes)
Properties of ATP
Small - It can move in and out of cells
water soluble
easily regenerated
enough energy for cellular respiration but not so much that it is being wasted
Has immediate energy release
How does ATP release energy and convert to ADP
How does it release energy?
a little energy is used to break a weak phosphate group bond but a large amount of energy is released
overall alot more energy is released than is used
This is an example of a hydrolysis reaction
the hydrolysis of ATP only happens when another reaction requires it
ATP is hydrolysed into ADP, a phosphate group and energy
converting between ATP and ADP
ATP is unstable and not a good long term energy store
Fats and carbohydrates are much better for long term energy storage
Fats and carbohydrates can be broken down into the stuff needed to make ATP
Phosphorylation converts ATD and a phosphate group into ATP
Phosphorylation is an example of a condensation reaction
Cells do not hold alot of ATP as it is unstable so it just converts from ADP for immediate energy