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Design and Deconstruction - Coggle Diagram
Design and Deconstruction
Variables
Independant (Audible Stimuli)
Strengths
Distinct Levels of Stimuli
Pro:When listening to the clips, there is a noticeable difference between the three, alliowing the level to be easily determined.
Pro: Distinct Levels of Stimuli makes it so that the groups are different from each other- rather than having very similiar stimuli which may not change the result that much.
Weaknesses
Stimuli Effectiveness
Stimuli may affect some people that are in the mood and are really creative but may not affect others that don’t understand the stimuli or find the excess information annoying. This goes hand in hand with participant Variables but the Main point is the Stimuli is effective on different people
Solution- Make the stimuli as less niche or annoying as possible- also ask particpaitns how they are feeling.
Dependant ( No. Words Recalled)
Errors
Word "Theme"
Because all the words are of a similar theme, some people that are paying attention may feel to guess or use that as a guide to remembering words whereas others do not.
Solution: Words could be replaced with randomised words of no particular theme to avoid bias.
Strengths
Simplicity of Data
Words provide an easier and objective method of recall and data, allowing the formulation of graphs and the usage of data to be really simple- with the data being both Objective and numerical quantative.
Extraneous
Particpant
Errors
Familiarity of the topic
Being through the process and goals of the investigation gives away the results and intentions of the experiment- meaning that Psychology students have a familiarity advantage over the topic when compared to the global population- meaning the results are more likely to be skewed because the instructions and goals are already known
Solution- Goals of the investigation to be given, Bu more information regarding what words will happen or the expectations. hypothesis - e.g a specific group should do "better"
Intelligence
Level of intelligence is something that is difficult to manage but wasn't managed in the experiment. There were no category regarding IQ level or grades and it can be hypothesised that particpants with intelectual or learning disadvantages will find it more difficult to rememer a large amount of words.
Solution: Try to find a way to manage this as a variable- E.g peoples confidence scale on how smart they are, e.g grades et
Interest / Engagement
Hand in hand with Mood, The engament of the participants in the activity influences how much they focus. Specific participants with less engagement in regards to the experiment are more likely to not focus due as much and careless complete the task, not worrying about trying to remember as many words as they can.
Mood
Mood as a participant variable goes hand in hand with interest and engagement as mood has an impact on your perspecrive going into the experiment. It can be hypothesised that a Student going into the experiment angrily and constantly thinking about other situations would do worse on the test due to there lack of focus than someone who is going into it with a clear mind.
Fatigue / Level of Sleep (Hygiene)
There were no instructions given regarding the amount of sleep needed the night before the test, as well as the fact that the experiment was conducted at different times of day meaning that different students had differing leevls of energy, changing there ability to stay focussed on the words and experiment.
Stress
Going into the experiment, stress has a similar impact to mood, where the participant as a result of the other events going on will remain unfocused and their mind will be elsewhere, causing the participant to be more careless in regards to trying in the experiment and recording there results.
Perspective of "Music Background)
The "music background" scale is up to intepretation and is a flawed piece of data because there are no defined criteria for what classifies a high level or a low level of music background.
Cut out music background along with the theme to eliminate knowledge
Solution:
Fatigue, Mood, Interest, Stress:
Whilst Mood, Interest and engagement can't really be managed unless having everyone do things like sleep 6 hours- It's very hard to have a full facility to manage these factors. The best thing to do would survey particpaints on how they are feeling which would help see if there results are affected.
Situational
Errors
Additional Instructions
Students weren't told whether they had to have their eyes opened or close. It could be hypothesised that having their eyes open would make them more aware of the situation around them.
Solution: Clarification of instructions that may influence the experiment
Differing Circumstances
Location + Time Of Day
The two differing classes in the investigation particpated in the experiment in different locations. The impact is huge, with the circumstances of which the experiment was conducted all being changed. This goes hand in hand with the the time of day difference and the location itself changes variables such as mood, fatigue, engagement, audio level and the positioning of the particpants, all having an impact on the ability to recall words in the experiment.
Solution- Same time of day and location for all particpants- Noted down variables
Positioning of the individual
The positioning of the individual ties into the location, with some students having chairs that may be more flexible and allow them to lay back a bit or chairs that are completely solid and keep the student upright- causing them to be more focussed than relaxed.
Solution: Location should be the same and randomised between participants so they aren't influenced by those around them.
Audio Level
The audio level and balancing between the audio on the device, specific earbuds, airpods as well as the aduo level in the room wasn't balanced, there was no instructions on a static audio level or a guide to what type of audio level is ideal for the experiment.
It can be predicted that really high audio interruptions would make it difficult to recall words in the experiment
Solution: Everyone is instructed to either have the same volume or a volume that is comfortable to them- As well as being in the same room to make any external influences effected all experiment groups
Data Collection
The data itself can't be split into the two classes due to the anonymous numbers and the way the data is sorted, therefore the situational variables aren't tracked or being taken into account as a possible factor influencing the result.
Solution: Data needs to be collected at the same time and/or the differing situational variables should be noted.
Design (Experimental Quantatative, Objective)
Advantages of Design
Random assignment of groups removes bias, stopping people from being with there friends and removing bias / influence and impact of others.
ID Numbers, Confidentiality and Random Assignment helps stop people from feeling a need to fake data in order to impress those around them.
Because the Design is Objective, Data is easy to place into graphs
Disadvantages of Design
Experiment is based on Trust through Self Report method- meaning results can be flawed by the individuals bias.
Solution: Replace self report with machine / Investigator check
Sample Size
Errors
Small Sample Size
Sample Size results in only 12-13 in each group, which Isn't a good enough sample size to create data that can't be as effected by an outlier.
Solution: Larger Sample Size
Bias Sample
SACE Pscyhology A students are not a good sample of the global population.
Psychology students already have a higher level of knowledge on the experiment as they knew it was coming in the course as well as their knowledge of psychology in general.
Those with previous music experience are more likely to be able to remember the words due to the musical theme of the words.
Solution: Remove as much excess information and have a larger more broad sample size and demographic
SACE Psychology A Students
37 Subjects
26 Identifying as Females
11 Identifying as Males
Ethics
Stengths
Right to Withdrawl
In the preperation of the experiment, a consent form was sent out regarding all the details including the right to withdrawl at any time for any reason.
Prior Debrief and Information
Before the investigation the intentions and debrief was reiterated multiple times, allowing everyone to be followed involved and have a proper understanding of the task.
Weaknesses
Right to Confidentiality
Because the Version History is available to all involved with the experiment, the ID numbers can easily be replaced with peoples names due to who have edited which box.
Solution: New ID and Confidential Version history system