Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

The Instruments of Power - Coggle Diagram

- - - - politics
        
        Domestic politics
        
        Occurs within a framework of rules and practices aka law and institutions
        
        Say how processes occurs
        
        include mechanisms for enforcing whatever choices are made
        
        International Politics
        
        There are no authoritative structures to decide how resource conflicts are resolved
        
        results are inherently power based
        
        States achieve their goals by any means that they can do by themselves
        
        This is because there isn't a institutions that resolves problems and enforce outcomes
        
        1 more item...
        
        Difference bet/w the 2 are contextual
    - - There is a debate about what power really is
        
        Academic debate:
        
        physical commodity vs attribute
        
        Physical commodity
        
        Attribute
        
        this allows for countries to be ranked based on how much power they have
        
        Compares which countries would beat which
        
        This category is mainly subject and less observable
        
        depends more on the perception of the entity that is looking at the country
        
        Military power
        
        makes a concrete measure of attribute
      - US & RVN vs NLF & DRV
        
        Many predicted RVN & US to win because of their might
        
        Prediction was wrong thus shows that it is ambiguous
        
        Wrong for these reasons:
        
        the war was more important to the North Vietnamese than to the US and RVN
        
        The US supported the wrong side and had low stakes
        
        failed to reflect an analysis of the situation correctly
        
        The war was actually for the SE Asian peninsula
    - - The list for the instruments keeps increasing
        
        3 original universal:
        
        economic
        
        ex: sanctions & tariffs
        
        Sanctions effectiveness are mixed
        
        targets often resist the threat
        
        Usually hurt the party that issues them
        
        political/dipolomatic
        
        most civil
        
        counts as persuasion & compromise
        
        military
        
        most physical
        
        does damage to all parties to a certain degree
        
        Usually threats are used
        
        Threats are situational b/c doesn't mean that you have an atom bomb that you'll gain favor and win
        
        New 20th cent.:
        
        information
        
        Has been accepted as big as the big 3 original
        
        collect info on the rival can be very beneficial
        
        electronic devices and espionage help out with this
        
        intellectual prowess
        
        financial strength
        
        sophistication of law enforcement power
        
        From US Army War College Guide to National Security Issues Wiki
        
        Geography
        
        population
        
        resources
        
        psychological strength
        
        cyber capability
        
        Their severity isn't set in stone, but can be ranked depending on the situation
        
        Army War College:
        
        population factors
        
        psychological factors
        
        possession of strategic natural resources
        
        physical geography
      - The use of the weapons are psychological and situational
        
        Situation specificity
        
        relevance of a given element of power to a specific application
        
        ex: The US may have an atom bomb but how will that convince other nations to agree to their interests
        
        No would not believe their threat because of how dangerous it is
        
        Instruments of power are used in threats
- - - - Want
        
        Statehood & Kurdish State
      - Enemies:
        
        Turkey
        
        Want to stop the Kurds from gaining statehood because they see the kurds as terrorists
        
        Say that Kurds are against the Turkish gov't
        
        Will not accept the US terms because then they are heeding to the people that they see as terrorists
      - Possible solution:
        
        There may be peace soon in Syria and the Turkish military may break
      - Allies
        
        US
        
        See the kurds as an effective force against ISIS
        
        Agree to negotiate the protection and security of the Kurds with Turkey in order to leave the area
        
        Want a diplomatic soln along with the Kurds
      - Big issue concerning US & Turkey
        
        Since it is public, neither side can't heed to the other's demands
        
        People are wondering on how to solve the issue
    - - events
        
        Arab Spring
        
        Protest of the Autocratic rule of Bashar al-Assad
        
        2 teenagers were arrested for graffiti against the gov't
        
        one of them died
        
        Sunni syrians protested
        
        A protest of the the corrupt autocratic rule in the Middle east
        
        Movement failed it's goals, but started movements in areas like syria
      - Issue:
        
        Conflict needs solution
        
        Country is in ruin
        
        The cost to repair the country after the damages will cost from a quarter of a trillion dollars to more than a trillion dollar
        
        There are 2 parties fighting for control
        
        The gov't of Bashar al-Assad are the internal and primary groups
        
        Allies:
        
        Russia
        
        The al-Assad gov't gives the country a point of entry
        
        The physical gem in the relationship for the russians is their naval base in N Syria at Tartus
        
        Turkey
        
        Want to prevent the Kurds from gaining power by helping Syria
        
        Their whole interest is because of the Kurds's strength
        
        Iran
        
        The country has an important element of Iranian geopolitics
        
        the al-assad gov't gives a Shiiie entry point for Iran into the Mediterranean Middle East
        
        Various opposition groups are the external party
        
        Located outside of the country
        
        Want:
        
        a syrian gov't that is sympathetic to their positions
        
        Issue:
        
        Multiple groups want different outcomes
        
        The groups can't unite under 1 leader
        
        Air force comes from outside forces
        
        Their problem w/ the other side:
        
        The al-Assad gov't represents a minority of the population
        
        The small minority has been better off militarily throughout history
        
        Neither side have enough power to win