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- - - - Buck v Bell -- enactment & implementation of involuntary sterilization programs
      - “Defective women in their reproductive years should be sterilized”
        
        Duh fuck
      - Poverty, sexual promiscuity, substance use, criminality, mental illness, & disabilities as social & moral ills
  - - - Criminalized marginalized women who became pregnant while receiving assistance
        
        Consent to sterilization in exchange for social services - daycare, assistance, housing assistance, SNAP, & medicaid -- higher rated of sterilizations
      - White women required to receive clearance from 2 physicians & a psychiatrist, in addition to meeting the desired formula
        
        (age X number of children > 120)
        
        Are you serious
      - Through reconstruction & jim crow -- black reproduction no longer served as a capitalistic investment & no longer benefited the colonial project
  - - - The right to have a child under the conditions of one’s choosing
      - The right not to have a child using birth control, abortion, or abstinence
      - The right to parent children in a safe & healthy environment free from violence by individuals or the state
        
        Legal rights related to reproductive choices
  - - - Requires medical pro. To insert & remove -- no user error
        
        Patients assumed to be high risk for unintended pregnancy are encouraged
        
        Marginalized women
  - - - Prohibited men under 21 but no age restriction for women
        
        “Break a vicious cycle of repeat drug offenders with children”
        
        Redid it later b/c of news coverage
        
        But what if not?
        
        Desire for freedom at any cost
    - - Not only low-income but it should of course be available to them
        
        No force but accessibility
  - - - Shift resources from policing & corrections into community-directed harm reduction, including access to sexual & reproductive health care that is inclusive, accessible, comprehensive, & free or low cost
        
        Meaningful decarceration, the abolition of prisons, & the redirection of resources previously used to maintain the carceral systems into communities would fundamentally change the lived experiences of women to reflect the reproductive autonomy developed by reproductive justice organizers
  - - - Form of reproductive control - predominantly impacted marginalized women
    - - Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)
        
        Represents a different form of involuntary sterilization
- - - - Give implications for individual health & pop.-level racial health inequalities
    - - Police stops
      - Arrests
      - Convictions
      - Incarcerations
      - Individual health risk & racial health inequalities in early adulthood
        
        Undergoing biological & psychological health risks
  - - - Improve health care access w/in prisons & jails - don’t affect long term health benefits
        
        Formerly incarcerated individuals have higher rates of…
        
        Morbidity from an array of conditions
        
        Hypertension & STDs & chronic conditions
      - Stress- related processed
        
        Primary stressor
        
        Loss of autonomy, physical & emotional isolation & fear for one’s safety
        
        Secondary stressor
        
        Challenges associated with reentry
        
        Difficulties securing food, employment, & housing & battling stigma
        
        Having high-stress for a long time will literally kill you faster then if not
        
        Long-term activation is big no no
        
        Also will - affect SES & finances which causes even more stress
    - - Few of empirically tested concepts
        
        Few of studied effects of durations -- most focus on exposure
      - Most studies have used disease outcomes, concerns about biological plausibility & misclassification error remain
        
        They focus on spread of infectious diseases in jails & prisons or examine chronic disease outcomes
        
        Less known about pre disease markers
      - Selection bias & unmeasured confounding
        
        Uses treatment-weighting procedures or treatment-control designs that help in obtaining less biased estimates of the health consequences
      - Few have simultaneously considered how contacts along the criminal justice continuum jointly contribute to health risks
    - - Black vs. White
        
        B more likely to be convicted & receive sentences that are 10% longer
        
        Subconscious -- reminds me of how people give shorter sentences to more attractive people b/c “they didn’t mean it or more of a mistake”
        
        1 in 5 B men could expect to be imprisoned before their 30s vs. 1 in 30 W men
        
        B higher arrest rates than W even after accounting for racial differences in socioeconomic status, criminal offending, & neighborhood-level police surveillance
    - - Does the life-course timing, duration, & dosage of incarceration matter for health?
      - Do pre incarceration contacts w/ the criminal justice system shape health risks & help to account for the association b/twn incarceration & health?
      - What is the association b/twn incarceration & markers of physiological & psychological well-being in early adulthood?
      - What is the contribution of black-white disparities in criminal justice contacts to racial health inequalities?
  - - - Racial disparities -> depressive symptoms
  - - - Pre-incarceration link to depressive symptoms
    - - CRP levels higher / depression rates higher but also faded
        
        Chronic exposure to stressful events & environments to systemic inflammation & poor immune function