Land Reclamation
Definition: The process of creating new land from oceans, sea, riverbeds or lake beds.
Materials involved; clay, sand, hill cut, boulders, cobbels, gravel, rock
Purpose
Land scarcity
Waterlogged land
Damage land due to natural hazards/human activites
Benefits
Expand the carrying capacity of land
Can be a feasible solution to the problem of overcrowding
Increase availability of arable land
Allows for further growth of a country's industry
Can be used for a multitude of purposes
Methods of Land Reclamation
Infilling method
Fill the area with heavy boulders or cement, then fill with clay and earth to the appropriate height. Infill is the material used to fill the area.
Draining of submerged land method
Deep cement mixing
The material is displaced by dredging or draining is contaminated and needs to be contained.
Land dregding
Commonly used to recover marshes or farmland.
Involves cleaning up sediments from the seabed. Sedimentation, a natural process, fills channels and maintains recovered land.
Derelict land: Land that has been ruined by industrial or other development 
Once reclaimed, can be used for
industry
housing
argiculture
recretional facilities
Reclamation factors
Type of fill material
Foundation soil
Type of land
Seabed topography
Presence of fine material
Techniques
Direct pumping
Rehandling pit method
Hydraulic filling
Dredging
Dry method
Sand spreading
Advantages
Reclaimed lot of lands from flooding
Beter infrastructure can be built
Increase land area
Disadvantages
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Damage to corals and marine life due to wrong selection of poor knowledge of the subject