LAND RECLAMATION

Machineries

Definition

⭐ The process of generating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill.

Methods

Sand spreading

Hydraulic reclamation method

Dry method

Direct pumping

⭐ Hydraulics is a mechanical function in which liquid pressure is used to generate force that is delivered at one point and transmitted to another. When fill material is collected from an offshore borrow source, a wet technique of reclamation is used at this stage. However, this method is only suitable for granular fill with high drainage qualities (crushed stone or natural sand and gravel)..

⭐ The dry approach is ideal for filling material sourced from the ground, particularly rock. Foreshore locations with adequate bottom soil generally benefit from the dry approach. Because of displacement, a mud wave will form in front of the fill if the seabed soil is weak. A larger amount of fill material would be necessary in that instance.

⭐ When a shallow seabed is met or the seabed soil is excessively soft, sand spreading is used. On a tiny floating barge, the spreader is mounted. Water is used to flush the sand out of the perforations.

Projects

⭐ The Palm Jumeirah, Dubai
⭐ Marina Bay, Singapore

⭐ Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation digging machines, concrete pourers

Benefits

⭐ The availability of extra land for development purposes. Following reclamation, more buildings and infrastructures can be constructed to support economic development

⭐ The availability of living spaces, thereby reducing congestion

⭐ The availability of industries, factories or companies as the case may be, thereby providing more jobs for citizens and lowering the unemployment rate.

Drawbacks

⭐ Flooding and soil liquefaction are two risks linked with land reclamation.


⭐ A direct dumping method is used when the seabed is deep or the underlying seabed soil is soft. At the location, fill material is dumped by opening the bottom of the barge.

Pumping inside the bunds

⭐ Reclamation might begin near the shoreline and work its way out to the sea. However, due to wave and current action, this sort of reclamation may result in significant fill material loss. As a result, when a bund has been created around the projected reclamation region, reclamation is sometimes carried out within a protected area. Losses produced by wave and current action can be reduced in this technique.

Requirements for reclamation application

Proof of Ownership/ Certificate of Occupancy of the waterfront land.

Boundary Survey of existing land.

Topography survey.

Proposed ground finishing height.

Environmental Impact Analysis Report (EIAR).

Proposed Infrastructure Layout.

Evidence of payment of the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development administrative charge.

Formal letter of application addressed to the Honourable Commissioner forwarding all the above-listed documents.

⭐ Reclaimed land is costly

⭐ It can be harmful to corals and marine life.