Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Reproductive system Luz Ayala P2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive system Luz Ayala P2
Major functions of reproductive system
Male
Organ: Seminal vesicle
Function: Secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prosatglandins that help regulate pH of semen
Organ: Prostate gland
Function: Secretes a fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm
Organ: Ductus deferens
Functions: Convey sperm cells to ejaculatory duct
Organ: Bulbourethral gland
Function: Secretes fluid that lubricates end of penis
Organ: Epididymis
Function: Promotes sperm cells maturation; stores sperm cells; conveys sperm cell to ductus deferns
Organ: Scrotum
Functions: Encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes
Organ: Testies
Seminiferous Tubules
Function : Produce sperm cells
interstitial cells
Function: Produce and secrete male sex hormones
Organ: penis
Functions: Conveys urine and semen to outside of body; inserted into vagina during sexual intercourse; he glans penis is richly supplied with sensory nerve endings associated with feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
Female
Organ: Labia majora
Function: Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Organ: Labia minora
Function: Form margins of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra
Organ: Vagina
Function: Conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; receives erect penis during sexual intercourse; provides a
passageway for offspring during birth process
Organ: Clitoris
Function: Produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans
Organ: Uterus
Function: Protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy
Organ: Vestibule
Function: Space between labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings
Organ: Uterine tube
Function: Conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of
fertilization; conveys developing embryo to uterus
Organ: Vestibular glands
Function: Secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule
Organ: Ovary
Function:Produces oocytes and female sex hormones
Anatomy of Male reproductive structures
Hormones of the reproductive system
Male
Androgens
Male sex hormones;
testosterone
is the most important one
Actions of testosterone
Stimulate development of male reproductive organs
Responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics
(deep voice, body hair, thickening of the skin,
and increased muscular and skeletal growth)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH):
Triggers the production of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone (LH):
promotes development
of interstitial cells of the testes,which
then secrete male hormones (testosterone)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):
stimulates sertoli
cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
FSH
and
testosterone
stimulate spermatogenisis
Secreted by the hypothalamus
Sertoli cells also secrete
inhibin
, which exerts negative feedback on the release of FSH; this prevents oversecretion
Female
Progesterone (non pregnant female
Ovaries are also main source of progesterone
(nonpregnant female), which triggers
uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
Causes endometrium to become more vascular, and uterine glands to secrete nutrients for a possible embryo
Androgen
produce some changes at puberty,
such as growth of pubic and axillary hair; low androgen
concentration allows the broadening of the hips
Estrogens (when not pregnant)
responsible for female secondary sexual
characteristics, such as breast development, sex organ
enlargement, ncreased adipose tissue deposition, and
increased vascularization of the skin
Promote development of female secondary
sexual characteristics as a female matures;
this continues with menstrual cycles
Anatomy of Female reproductive structures
Events of female hormonal cycle
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Methods & Classification of contraceptive
Coitus Interrupus
: withdraw of penis from vagina before ejaculation; not very effective some sperm may reach vagina before ejaculation.
Mechanical Barriers:
prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse; examples: male and female condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
Chemical Barriers:
contain spermicides; are more effective when used with a condom; examples: creams, foams, jellies
Rhythm Method:
Abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation; difficult to determine time ovulation; not effective
Combined Hormone Contraceptives:
contain estrogen and progestins to prevent pregnancy; disrupt normal hormonal patterns of female cycle, and prevent follicle maturation and ovulation; examples: chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives.
Injectable Contraception:
Injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation; works for 3 months
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) :
objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to perm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium, thicken cervical mucus
Sterilization :
surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy; vasectomy in male (removal of a small portion of the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering semen), tubal ligation in female (cutting of the uterine tubes, preventing
sperm from reaching egg)
Contraceptive implants:
implantation of a rod containing progestin under the skin in the arm; can prevent follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years