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Understanding Communication and Conflict in Groups - Coggle Diagram
Understanding Communication and Conflict in Groups
Group in Organizations
Group Formation, Norms, and Roles
Voluntary or involuntary (official appointment, task imperatives)
Influenced by power structures (French and Raven's typology)
Norm and standard develop later and influence group
Group Contexts, Structures, and Outcomes
Communication structure determine information flow
Circle
Chain
Wheel
Advantages and Disadvantages of Groups
Advantages
more knowledge, information, approaches, and alternatives
Disadvantages
Groupthink
press for conformity
Free riders
Groupthink
Irving Janis ’s work on groupthink (1971)
Members try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically evaluating ideas
symptoms: stereotyping the opposition, overestimating one ’s own position,
and stifling dissent
Ways to avoid groupthink
Break the group into two subgroups at key points.
Assign a member to play devil ’s advocate.
Accept criticisms of your own actions.
Invite outside experts to join the discussion
etc
Social Ledger
Negative relationship
Characteristics
The intensity to dislike
Reciprocity
Cognition
Social distance
Social liability
Negative relationship faster to develop
Factor affecting impact of negative relationships
Outcomes
Task related outcomes
Promotion
Income
Job performance
Socioemotional outcomes
Organizational attachment
Turnover and absenteeism
Characteristics of negative relationships
Network density
Task interdependence
Status dissimilarity
Factor affecting likelihood of negative relationship
Network density
Task interdependence
Personality
Positive relationship
Characteristics (of each positive tie)
Strength
Reciprocity
Cognition
Social distance
Social asset
Frienship development is a gradual process
Negative asymmetry
Negative relationships may have greater explanatory power than positive relationships
Communications in Organizations
Communication role
Gatekeepers
Liaison
Cosmopolites
Opinion leaders
Communication Assessments and Audits
Communication Problems
Barriers to Effective Communication
Barriers to Effective Communication Between Groups
Communication Distortions in Public Bureaus
Conflict in Organizations
Types of Conflict
Within a person, between individuals, and between groups
Horizontal and vertical
Bases of conflict
culture, values, goals, structures, tasks and functions, authority
leadership processes, and environmental pressures
demographics and individual personalities
Conflict Stages and Modes
Latent conflict
Perceived conflict
Felt conflict
Manifest conflict
Conflict aftermath
Respond to the onset of conflict (Thomas, 1983)
Accomodation
Compromise
Competition
Collaboration
Avoidance
Managing Groups, Communication, and
Conflict in Organizations
Special Considerations for Public Organizations
goals of public agencies
are multiple, hard to specify and measure
government often involves a particularly high
frequency of power-sharing situations
The tasks that public organizations
carry out tend to be service-oriented and information-intensive
For effective communication in public agencies, there are now well-developed frameworks,
guidelines, and advice for public managers