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How to make an "effective soap? - Coggle Diagram
How to make an "effective soap?
Soap
History behind Soap
It was discovered that the mixing animal fats with wood ash and water created an effective soap.
Liquid Soaps were only discovered recently, only rising to popularity in the 1860s.
The first soap recipe can be date back to the ancient babylonians, around 2800 B.C.
How does soap work
Soap is made up of pin-shaped molecules, with a hydrophilic head, and a hydrophilic inwards facing tail.
The hydrophilic tail, acids water and prefers to join with oils and fat
When hands are washed these pin-shaped soap molecules wedge themselves into the bacteria microorganisms, prying them apart (Thoughtco, 2020)
These structures called Miscelles.
https://www.thoughtco.com/how-dos-soap-clean-606146
click link for image
What is soap
According to encyclopedia.com, Soap is a cleaning agent created by the chemical reactions of a fatty acid with an alkali metal hydroxide.
Efffective
How are soaps made?
Soap is made through the process of saponification, where lye (a mix of either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and water) is mixed with fats, oils or butters to turn the oils into salts.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yR6-Xe4CuwI2w2oCGK9EYQrIzDda_-vr/view
Link to table on different fatty acids
Potential independent variable - fatty acids
Potential independent variable - Effect of different amounts of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
potential independent variable - different ratios of lye to fats
Possible Method
https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-make-soap#basic-how-to
What does effectiveness mean?
Successful in producing a desired or intended result
What is the intended result
The ability to clean
Factors that show cleanliness
Visible Dirt
Lather
pH
Presence of bacteria/germs
Limitations
Some molecules may not be converted into lather/ miscelles
Limited Equipment
Limited Time
Types of Soap
Liquid Soap
Anti-bacterial soap
Bar Soap
Bar Soap is the type of soap being tested in this experiment
The factory manufactured, Lux soap, is the soap being tested in this experiment
Dish Soap