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Reproductive System Joseph Gonzales P5 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive System Joseph Gonzales P5
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Produce gametes
Male: sperm Female: oocytes
Male system delivers sperm to female
Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
Males prime sex organ are testes; they hold the sperm
nurture the offspring in the uterus
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Labium minus
between labia major; provides an opening for urethra and vagina
Firmbriae
on uterine tubes
Labium majus
covers pubic symphysis; encloses and protects external organs
Body of uterus
lining of uterus
cervix
between uterus and lumen of vagina
Perimetrium
outer most layer of uterus
lumen of vagina
below cervix
Endometrium
inner most layer of uterus
Uterine tube
leads from ovaries to uterus; site for fertilization
Myometrium
middle layer of uterus
Ovary
located in lateral wall of pelvis cavity; produces sex hormones
Infundibulm
above fimbriae; releases egg
Uterus
bends over urinary bladder; maintains development of embryo
Fundus of uterus
above the uterus
Vagina
birth canal
Hormones of the reproductive system
FSH
stimulating the growth of the follicle
GnRH
stimulates the anterior pituitary to release two hormones for the ovarian cycle
LH
works on the oocyete that is inside the follicle and triggers so can divide and complete meiosis l and move to metaphase ll
Estrogen
in charge of female secondary sexual characteristics
breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, increased vascularization of skin
Progesterone
non-pregnant female
It can prevent changes in the uterus in women taking estrogen after menopause
Helps prepare your uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg and maintains your pregnancy
Testosterone
Stimulates development of male reproductive organs
Responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics
Androgens
produce some changes at puberty
such as growth of pubic and axillary hair
low androgen concentration allows the broadening of the hips
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Follicular
the longest step in the menstrual cycle, lasting from the first day of a period to ovulation
the egg is released
can last between 11 and 27 days
Ovulation
It occurs when an egg is released from your ovary
When the egg is released, it may or may not be fertilized by sperm
If fertilized, the egg may travel to the uterus and implant to develop into a pregnancy
Menstrual
The monthly cycle of changes in the ovaries and the lining of the uterus
starting with the preparation of an egg for fertilization
starts on day 1 of cycle
Luteal
occurs after ovulation and before your period starts
the lining of your uterus normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible pregnancy
Menarche
First reproductive cycle
occurs when reproductive organs have matured and begin responding to female hormones
Disorders associated with the reproductive system
Genital warts
different than hiv
cancer or genital warts (many types)
can develop years after sex
HPV
transmitted through sex (anal, oral, vaginal)
symptoms: no symptoms, warts, itching
HPV Vaccine, medication,
prevention: vaccine, latex condoms
Gonorrhea
can cause infertility
regular screening can help detect instances when an infection is present despite symptoms
transmitted through sexual contact
Symptoms: can have no symptoms, pain i lower abdomen, pelvis, testicle, vagina during sex and urination, fever, frequent urge to pee
medications, no sex, condoms
Genital herpes
genital pain and sores
both men and women can have it
chronic
herpes simplex virus
sexual contact, unprotected sex
symptoms: pain, itching, small sores
medications; antiviral drug
not having sex
Syphilis
divided into stages (primary, secondary, latent, tertiary)
direct contact, can spread from mother to unborn baby
transmitted through sex
symptoms: severe headaches, difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness
antibiotics, follow testing with healthcare provider
Chlamydia infection
can infect men and women
permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system
vaginal, anal, oral sex, direct contact
symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge, burning when urinating (women)
Discharge from penis, burn when urinating, pain/swelling in testicles (men)
prescription medicine, repeat test every three months
latex condoms, long term sexual partner the same
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
interfere with body's ability to fight infection
HIV
Transmission through contact through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, unprotected sex
symptoms: pain in abdomen, pain in swallowing, fatigue, fever, night sweats, groin pain/swelling
no cure, medication, anti-viral
no sex, do not share
Crabs/Pubic Lice
tiny insects that live on pubic hair, near genitals
lice (insects)
direct, close contact
itching, small white dots, pale bluish spots on thighs, low fever
special shampoos, creams
no close contact, no sharing
Scabies
intense itching caused by a mite
mite
transmitted through spreads through close, physical contact, skin to skin
symptoms: bumps, redness, itching, skin burrow
medications, self-care, anti-parasitic
avoid skin contact
PID
infection in woman's reproductive organs
have an sti and not get treated, more than one sex partner, douching
complication caused by stds, like chlamydia, gonorrhea
symptoms: pain in lower abdomen, fever, unusual discharge with od from vagina, pain/bleeding when you have sex
antibiotics, getting tested
get a test for chlamydia/yearly, see a doctor
Bacterial Vaginosis
too much of certain bacteria in vagina
changes the normal balance of bacteria in vagina
most common in women (age 15-44)
occurs in sexually active woman, multiple sex partners, douching
thin white or gray discharge from vagina, pain, itching, burning in vagina, burn when urinating, itching around outside vagina
sometimes leaves without treatment, take medicine
not having sex, limit amount of sex partners, not douching
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Seminal Gland
secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients that help regulate pH of semen
Ductus Deferens (vas)
conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct
located in prostate gland; delivers sperm to urethra
Urethra
goes from bladder to penis; secrete urine
Prostate gland
located at base of urinary bladder; secretes an thin milky fluid that contains citrate
Corpus Cavernosum
located above penis
Epididymis
goes from testes to ductus; sperm becomes motile and develops ability to fertilize egg
External urethra orifice
on the penis
Testes
located in scrotum; produces sperm and hormones
Bulbourethral glands and duct
secretes fluid that lubricates end of penis
Scrotum
protects the testes; keeps their temp good
Ampulla of ductus deferens
enlargement of the vas deferens at the fundus of the bladder which acts as a reservoir for sperm
Glans Penis
conveys urine and sperm outside the body
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
contains estrogens an progesterone to prevent pregnancy
during normal hormonal cycle in females
prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives
Injectable Contraception
injection of a progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
works for 3 months
Chemical Barriers
contain spermicides
most effective when used with condom
examples: creams, foams, jellies
Contraceptive Implants
implantation of a rod containing progestin under the skin in the arm
can prevent follicle maturation and ovulation for 3 years
Mechanical Barriers
prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse
examples: male or female condoms, cervical cap, diaphragm
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells
prevent implantation of
embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium
Rhythm Method
difficult to determine time of ovulation
not effective
abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation
Sterilization
surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy
vasectomy (male)
removal of a small portion of vas deferens; preventing sperm from entering semen
tubal ligation (female)
cutting of the uterine tubes; preventing sperm from reaching the egg
Coitus Interruptus
not very effective;
some sperm may reach vagina before ejaculation
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation