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Jenesis Perez Per. 5 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
Jenesis Perez Per. 5 Reproductive System
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
male fertilizes female oocyte
develops and maintains the reproductive organs
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)
Gonorrhea
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
Treatment: Antibiotics
Woman usually don't have any symptoms but men may have
painful urination
to prevent is using condoms
Syphilis
Treatment: Antibiotics
on genitals or mouth rash and can damage to heart, liver, nerves, brain
Genital warts
vaccine
Warts on genitals
Chemical or surgical
removal
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
Viral Hepatitis
caused by feces, blood, semen, vaginal fluid
HAV, HBV, HCV
chronic or life long infection
no symptoms, liver damage, can get sick
Genital herpes
transmitted by having sex with someone who has it
to prevent is using condoms
Treatment: Antiviral drug, no cure
Symptoms: Genital sores, fever, blisters
Bacterial vaginosis
Treatment: medication prescribed by a doctor
only female have it
pain, itching, or burning vagina or urinating
too much of a certain bacteria in the vagina
Chlamydia
Treatment: Antibiotics
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
Symptoms: Painful urination and intercourse,
mucous discharge from penis or vagina
to prevent is using condoms
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
transmitted by sexual intercourse
destruction of the body’s immune defenses
Symptoms: Fever, weakness, infections, cancer
caused by HIV
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
uterine tube scarring may cause infertility
lead to infection
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
Anatomy of MALE reproductive structures
epididymis
Tightly coiled tube connected to the testis
Site of sperm maturation
Sperm be able to move, develop the ability to fertilize an egg
Vas deferens
Muscular tube
leading from epididymis into body cavity
empties into the
ejaculatory duct
scrotum
A pouch of skin or sac
Protects and helps regulate the temperature of the testes
for sperm production, 5°F cooler than core
Prostate gland
Chestnut-shaped structure surrounding the urethra
Secretes a thin, milky fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm
Semen: reproductive fluid transported through the urethra to the
outside of the body during ejaculation
base of the urinary bladder
Testes
ovoid structures to produce sperm and hormones
capacitation-weakening of the acrosomal membrane of the sperm
Bulbourethral glands
small glands located inferior to
prostate gland
Secrete mucus into the urethra, to lubricate the tip of the penis
in response to sexual stimulation
seminal vesicle
Saclike structure attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder
Contains fructose to nourish sperm
Has an alkaline pH, to help regulate pH in vagina
Penis
both urine and semen
contains erectile tissue and the glans penis enlarges during intercourse
Cylindrical organ
Sperm
Body
mitochondria
Head
haploid nucleus and acrosome
nucleus- DNA/chromosomes
chromosome- digestive enzymes that erode tissues
surrounding female’s egg cell
Tail
flagellum
propels the sperm towards the egg
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Estrogen and Progesterone levels
Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to become more thicker
Estrogens and progesterone inhibit secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
Estrogens stimulate uterine wall development
Ovulation
burst of LH from the anterior pituitary
process releasing the second oocyte from mature follicle
LH and FSH levels
Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
luteinizing hormone
leads to ovulation
Located in blood
Menopause
Occurs in late 40s or early 50s
Ovaries begin producing less estrogen and progesterone
shrinkage of uterus, breasts, uterine tubes, and vagina, and thinning of pubic and axillary hair
Follicular Phase
preparation of maturation of the developing follicle to dominant follicle
increasing levels of LH and FSH
Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
Ovulation
About day 14
burst of LH from the anterior pituitary
egg is matured and released out of corpus
luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone
Luteal phase
if egg is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates
hormone levels start to decline and new blood vessels constrict
uterine lining disintegrates and is shed as the menstrual flow
before menstruation
lining of your uterus normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible pregnancy.
Secretory phase
to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium for possible fertilization
about day 14-28
Progesterone will continue to increase
Proliferative phase
the endometrium becomes thicker
Levels of estrogen and progesterone are increasing
Menstrual Phase
Levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
happenes if the egg is not fertilized
the shedding of the endometrium
after the secretory the Menstrual phase will begin again
when estrogen and progesterone levels fall, the secretion of FSH and LH increases, and a new antral follicle will start to mature
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Mechanical Barriers
prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse
condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
Chemical Barriers
spermicides
creams, foams, jellies
more effective with a mechanical barrier
Rhythm Method
not having sexual intercourse during ovulation
not very effective
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
contain estrogen and
progestins to prevent pregnancy
chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives
Coitus Interruptus
"to pull out"
withdraw penis from vagina before ejaculation
not very effective
Avoid fertilization
Prevent implantation
Injectable Contraception
injection of a progesterone
works for 3 months
Contraceptive Implants
implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm
3 years
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium,
surgical implantation
Sterilization
Male
vasectomy
removal of a small portion of the vas deferens
Female
cutting of the uterine tubes
tubal
ligation
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Female
anterior pituitary
FSH
stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
LH
produce estrogen in the ovaries
ovaries
Estrogens
breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increased vascularization of the skin
Progesterone
triggers uterine changes during the menstrual
cycle
Androgens
produce pubic hair and broaden hips
hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Menarche
first female reproductive cycle
Male
anterior pituitary
FSH
stimulates sertoli cells of
seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
LH
development of interstitial
cells of the testes, which then secrete testosterone
hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
testes
testosterone
deep voice, body hair, thickening of the skin, and increased muscular and skeletal growth
development of sex organs
Androgens
FSH and testosterone stimulate spermatogenesis
Anatomy of FEMALE reproductive structures
Uterus
hollow muscular organ
maintains development of the embryo and then fetus
fundus- top part of uterus
cervix- opening between uterus and vagina
layers in order from in to out- endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Uterine Tubes
fimbriae
finger-like structure to pull in the oocyte
infundibulum
funnel shape cavity leading to the uterine tube
ovary to the uterus
where fertilization happens
Vagina
uterus to the outside
hymen-membrane
uterine secretions, receives the penis during sexual
intercourse, and serves as birthing canal
ovaries
Solid, ovoid structure
Labia majora
Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Labia minora
Form margins of vestibule
protect openings of vagina
and urethra
hood on the clitoris
Clitoris
Produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans
contains erectile tissue
Vestibule
Space between labia minora that contains vaginal and
urethral openings
Vestibular glands
Secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule
provide lubrication