Jenesis Perez Per. 5 Reproductive System
Major functions of the Reproductive system
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)
Anatomy of MALE reproductive structures
Events of the female hormonal cycles
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Anatomy of FEMALE reproductive structures
Mechanical Barriers
Chemical Barriers
Rhythm Method
Combined Hormone Contraceptives
Coitus Interruptus
epididymis
Vas deferens
scrotum
Prostate gland
Testes
Uterus
Uterine Tubes
Vagina
ovaries
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Genital warts
Viral Hepatitis
Genital herpes
Bacterial vaginosis
Female
Estrogen and Progesterone levels
Ovulation
LH and FSH levels
Menopause
Female system houses and nourishes developing embryo and fetus
male fertilizes female oocyte
develops and maintains the reproductive organs
ovoid structures to produce sperm and hormones
A pouch of skin or sac
Tightly coiled tube connected to the testis
Muscular tube
Bulbourethral glands
seminal vesicle
Saclike structure attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder
Chestnut-shaped structure surrounding the urethra
small glands located inferior to
prostate gland
Site of sperm maturation
Sperm be able to move, develop the ability to fertilize an egg
leading from epididymis into body cavity
empties into the
ejaculatory duct
Contains fructose to nourish sperm
Has an alkaline pH, to help regulate pH in vagina
Secretes a thin, milky fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm
Secrete mucus into the urethra, to lubricate the tip of the penis
in response to sexual stimulation
Semen: reproductive fluid transported through the urethra to the
outside of the body during ejaculation
base of the urinary bladder
capacitation-weakening of the acrosomal membrane of the sperm
Protects and helps regulate the temperature of the testes
for sperm production, 5°F cooler than core
Penis
both urine and semen
contains erectile tissue and the glans penis enlarges during intercourse
Cylindrical organ
Male
anterior pituitary
hypothalamus
testes
anterior pituitary
ovaries
hypothalamus
Solid, ovoid structure
fimbriae
hollow muscular organ
uterus to the outside
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
FSH
Estrogens
testosterone
FSH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
LH
development of interstitial
cells of the testes, which then secrete testosterone
stimulates sertoli cells of
seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
deep voice, body hair, thickening of the skin, and increased muscular and skeletal growth
FSH and testosterone stimulate spermatogenesis
development of sex organs
LH
stimulates the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
produce estrogen in the ovaries
Sperm
Body
Head
Tail
haploid nucleus and acrosome
nucleus- DNA/chromosomes
chromosome- digestive enzymes that erode tissues
surrounding female’s egg cell
mitochondria
flagellum
propels the sperm towards the egg
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
infundibulum
finger-like structure to pull in the oocyte
funnel shape cavity leading to the uterine tube
ovary to the uterus
maintains development of the embryo and then fetus
fundus- top part of uterus
cervix- opening between uterus and vagina
layers in order from in to out- endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
hymen-membrane
uterine secretions, receives the penis during sexual
intercourse, and serves as birthing canal
where fertilization happens
Vestibule
Vestibular glands
Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
Form margins of vestibule
Produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation
due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans
Space between labia minora that contains vaginal and
urethral openings
Secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule
protect openings of vagina
and urethra
hood on the clitoris
contains erectile tissue
provide lubrication
"to pull out"
not having sexual intercourse during ovulation
prevent sperm from entering vagina
during sexual intercourse
spermicides
contain estrogen and
progestins to prevent pregnancy
transmitted by having sex with someone who has it
vaccine
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
caused by feces, blood, semen, vaginal fluid
Treatment: medication prescribed by a doctor
Chlamydia
Treatment: Antibiotics
burst of LH from the anterior pituitary
Occurs in late 40s or early 50s
Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to become more thicker
process releasing the second oocyte from mature follicle
Progesterone
breast development, sex organ enlargement, increased adipose tissue deposition, and increased vascularization of the skin
triggers uterine changes during the menstrual
cycle
Androgens
Androgens
produce pubic hair and broaden hips
Estrogens and progesterone inhibit secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
Estrogens stimulate uterine wall development
Follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
Located in blood
Ovaries begin producing less estrogen and progesterone
shrinkage of uterus, breasts, uterine tubes, and vagina, and thinning of pubic and axillary hair
Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase
if egg is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates
before menstruation
About day 14
burst of LH from the anterior pituitary
preparation of maturation of the developing follicle to dominant follicle
increasing levels of LH and FSH
Secretory phase
Proliferative phase
Menstrual Phase
Levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
happenes if the egg is not fertilized
the shedding of the endometrium
the endometrium becomes thicker
Levels of estrogen and progesterone are increasing
to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium for possible fertilization
about day 14-28
Progesterone will continue to increase
leads to ovulation
stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
when estrogen and progesterone levels fall, the secretion of FSH and LH increases, and a new antral follicle will start to mature
Menarche
first female reproductive cycle
Avoid fertilization
Prevent implantation
Injectable Contraception
Contraceptive Implants
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
injection of a progesterone
implantation of a rod containing
progestin under the skin in the arm
objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of endometrium,
withdraw penis from vagina before ejaculation
not very effective
condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
creams, foams, jellies
chemical ring, patch, oral contraceptives
works for 3 months
3 years
surgical implantation
Sterilization
Male
Female
not very effective
more effective with a mechanical barrier
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
transmitted by sexual intercourse
uterine tube scarring may cause infertility
cutting of the uterine tubes
vasectomy
removal of a small portion of the vas deferens
tubal
ligation
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
lead to infection
destruction of the body’s immune defenses
Symptoms: Fever, weakness, infections, cancer
to prevent is using condoms
Treatment: Antiviral drug, no cure
Warts on genitals
Chemical or surgical
removal
Treatment: Antibiotics
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
Symptoms: Painful urination and intercourse,
mucous discharge from penis or vagina
Treatment: Antibiotics
Woman usually don't have any symptoms but men may have
painful urination
HAV, HBV, HCV
chronic or life long infection
no symptoms, liver damage, can get sick
only female have it
pain, itching, or burning vagina or urinating
caused by HIV
Symptoms: Genital sores, fever, blisters
transmitted by vaginal, oral,or anal sex with someone who has it
on genitals or mouth rash and can damage to heart, liver, nerves, brain
to prevent is using condoms
to prevent is using condoms
too much of a certain bacteria in the vagina
Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
egg is matured and released out of corpus
luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone
lining of your uterus normally gets thicker to prepare for a possible pregnancy.
hormone levels start to decline and new blood vessels constrict
uterine lining disintegrates and is shed as the menstrual flow
after the secretory the Menstrual phase will begin again