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Reproductive System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Honors Anatomy 6 - Coggle…
Reproductive System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Honors Anatomy 6
Hormones of the Reproductive System
(male & female):
Hypothalamic- Pituitary - Gonadal Axis:
where hormones are released from
Gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( GnRH ):
Released from hypothalamus reaching anterior pituitary cells via hypophyseal portal system
Follicle - Stimulating Hormone ( FSH ) & Luteinizing Hormone
( LH ):
gonadotropins released from anterior pituitary. Sex hormones act as target tissue in body exerting negative feedback on hypothalamus & anterior pituitary
Events of the Female Hormonal Cycles:
Menstruation:
series of changes in endometrium that occurs in response to fluctuating ovarian hormone levels
Proliferative (preovulatory ) Phase:
6-14 days were estrogen levels rise layer will thicken promoting proliferate proliferate at day 14
Secretory (postovulatory) Phase:
days 15-28 where fertilization does not occur corpus luteum degenerates , endometrial cells die and blood vessels break
Menstrual Phase:
1-5 days were ovarian hormones are at the lowest. menstrual flow may last 3-5 days
Menopause:
occurs when blood / menstruation has disappeared for an entire year. Estrogen levels decline and women begins to feel irritation, hot flashes, and depression. I will also increase hear disease
Ovarian Cycle:
monthly 28 days series of events associated with maturation of egg
Follicular Phase:
before ovulation , a period of vesicular follicle growth from 1- 14 days
Luteal Phase:
period of corpus luteum activity from 14-28 days ending ovulation
Ovulation:
the release of an egg from follicle. This is caused by high hormonal of FSH & LH
Oogenesis:
production of female gamates beginning in fetal period (before birth) At birth female presumed to have lifetime supply of oocytes
Major Functions of the Reproductive System (male & female):
doesn't become active till puberty hits in both male and female.
Gametes:
sperm in males and ova in females. Gametes are formed by cell division.
Sex hormones:
(steroid hormones) testosterone in males and females produce estrogen & progesterone. For development & function of reproductive organs
Accessory Reproductive Organs:
ducts, gland, & external genitalia
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System:
Internal Genitalia:
located in pelvic cavity, including ovaries, & duct system
External Genitalia:
external sex organs
Ovaries- Female gonads:
produce female gamates, secrete female sex hormones, estrogen & progesterone
Female Duct System:
does not have direct contact w/ ovaries
Uterine Tubes:
called Fallopian tubes & oviducts receiving ovulated oocyte. Usual site of fertilization
Uterus:
Cervix:
narrow neck, projects into vagina
Cervical Canal:
communications w/ vagina via external os & uterine body via internal os
Vagina:
function as birth canal, menstrual flow, & organ of copulation
Infundibulum:
opening into the peritoneal cavity
Fimbrae:
site where feritlization occurs
Uterine wall:
Perimetrium:
outer layer
Myometrium:
middle thick layer
Endometrium:
inner layer
Mammary Glands:
present in both men & women but function only in female. Main function is milk production to nourish newborn
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Structures:
sperm is delivered to body through 1.) epididymis, 2.) ductus defernes, 3.) ejaculatory duct & 4.) urethra
Corpus Spongiosum:
surrounds urethra & expands to form glans & bulb of penis
Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens):
smooth muscle in walls propels sperm from epididymis to urethra
Corpora Cavernosa:
paired dorsal erectile bodies
Scrotum:
Sac of skin at root of penis that divides scrotum into two compartments
Erection:
erectile tissue fills w/ blood causing penis to enlarge and become rigid
Spermatogenisis:
process of male gametes beginning at puberty
Accessory sex glands:
Prostate:
contracts during ejaculation playing a role in sperm activation making up a third of semen volume
Buldo - Urethral glands:
lubricates glans penis and neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urehtra
Seminal glands
: smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation. Holds / produces seminal fluids
Testes:
sperm producing male gondas
Semen:
protects & activates sperm
Disorders associated with the Reproductive System ( including STI ):
Testicular Cancer:
rare, but is the most common cancer in men. includes mumps that lead to inflammatory penis
Prostate Cancer:
third common cause of cancer death treated with surgery & sometimes radiation. treatment with drugs that block testosterone action
Cervical Cancer:
frequent cervical inflammation, STI's including HPV or multiple pregnancies
Breast Cancer:
genetic disease in females. The second most common female cancer death. Is diagnosed via mammogram around the age of 40
Genital Herpes:
caused by herpes simplex virus only 15% shoe symptoms therefore it is hard to control. Can be passed to baby if female gives birth and is treated with drugs to prevent flare ups
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): caused by genital warts and can cause cervical cancer. vaccination will guard this virus
Syphilis:
bacterial infection that is sexually transmitted caused by treponema pallidum. This bacteria can damage bone, skin & blood vessels
Gonorrhea:
bacterial infection in reproductive & urinary tract if untreated it can cause inflammation of pelvis organ
Trichomoniasis:
parasitic infection most common in women causing yellow vaginal discharge with a strong odor
Chlamydia:
transmitted from vagina and can be contracted from birth, may lead to permanent sterility
Methods and Classification of Contraceptives:
Coitus Interruptus:
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Rhythm Method:
abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation determines time of ovulation
Birth Control:
voluntary regulation of the number of offspring
Mechanical Barriers:
prevent sperm from entering vagina during sexual intercourse
Sterilization:
surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy
Chemical Barriers:
contain spermicides are more effective when used with creams, jellies etc.
Intrauterine Devices ( IUD ):
objects implanted in the uterus are egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth of thicken cervical mucus
Contraceptive Implants:
Implantation of a rod containing progestin under the arm that can prevent follicle maturation & ovulation
Injectable Contraceptive:
injection of a progesterone derivative preventing maturation & ovulation
Combined Hormone Contraceptives:
contain estrogen & progesterone to prevent pregnancy. Disrupt normal hormonal patterns of female cycle and prevents maturation & ovulation