SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16th CENTURY
was influenced by the Counter Reformation
Literature
Sculpture
Painting
Art
Architecture
To preserve the Peninsula Catholic Felipe
Spanish weren't allowed to study in other countries
Only books printed in the Peninsula allowed
Religion had a fundamental rol in art
science arrived very slowly to the Peninsula
Most important writers were mystics
Saint Teresa of Jesus
Saint John of the Cross
Novels
told daily aspects of life
The tragicomedia of Calisto and Mieba
Lazarillo de Tormes
Fernando Rojas
Poets
Garcilaso de Vega
Church+monasteries used it to spread their ideas
Classicist
Manserist
fist half of the 16th century
harmony+serenity
Not: mythology/nudes
second half of the 16th century
expressive+dramatic
Counter-Reformation influenced it
showed
intense feelings
strong religious believes
Plateresque style
Classical/Purist style
Herreriam style
1rst half of the century
ornamented facade
Examples
San Marcos hospital in León 
Santo Domingo Cathedral (La Española)
Salamanca University
2nd half of the century
Less ornamented
Columns+apdiments were accentuated
Examples
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca.
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé 
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church by Andrés de Vandelvira.
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, by Alonso de Covarrubias.
3rd part of the century
absence of decoration
geometric spaces
Examples
Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial 
Classic style
Mannerism
Italians Leoni Leoni and Pompeo Leoni
Cenotaphs of Carlos V and Felipe II
Religious works in painted wooden carvings
Strong/dramatic feelings
passages of the Bible
Faces were more expressive
Examples
Alfonso Berruguete: The Sacrifice of Isaac/The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian.
Juan de Juni: The Entombment of Christ/The Virgen of Anguish.
Spanish Renaissance
Juan de Juanes
Similar to the ideas of Raphael
Portrait artists
Middle of the century
Last third of the century
Carlos V: Titian
Felipe II: Alonso Sánchez Coello/Juan Pantoja de Cruz
Michelangelo's influence
Mannerism
elongated figures with dramatic expressions
El Greko
characteristics
Examples
Dramatic+spiritual reflection on faces
Elongated figures
Cool colours
Dark tones
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz 
The Disrobing of Christ
The Holy Trinity