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sociology- religious membership = age and ethnicity and social class -…
sociology- religious membership = age and ethnicity and social class
OLDER PEOPLE
disengagement: detached from societies mechanisms,
growing privatisation, and religion provides social support
religious socialisation: greater emphasis through education and socilisation when they were younger in more religious societies
ill health + death; religion provides comfort and coping mechanisms
YOUNGER PEOPLE
catto 2014 = rely on own conscience not religious
social media and pop culture having bigger influence
young people attracted to new age = vast majority still don't participate in these either
REASONS FOR DIFFERENCE
declining attraction
young find series boring and repetitive
outdated views on abortion, civil relationships
see it as 'uncool' and stay away
spiritual marketplace
Lynch 2008
wide diversity of ideas
resources for young people to create religious identities= finding expression outside traditional views
privatisation
davie 2013= believing without belonging
private display of religious belonging
secular spirituality
Lynch 2008
find religion in this considered non-religious
attached to object and experiences = sacred
new forms of religious expression
declining education
bruce 2001
Sunday school sin state of terminal decline
majority of young people have limited religious education
pragmatic reasons
leisure- takes up a lot of time especially sundays
demands on time - more interesting things to do
seen as 'uncool and not socially acceptable
AFRICAN CARIBBEAN
may faced racism in established christian churches
turned to pentecostalism where services were more lively and interesting
Rastafarianism = church communities that gives especially young men clear identities
modood et al = unlike asian religion isn't integral to ethnic identity as is much more of a individual choice
ASIAN
established own places of religious places of worship
some beliefs in these religions are under pressure and difficult to sustain in a contemporary society
REASONS FOR DIFFERENCE
community identity
burce = higher religiosity could result in community solidarity rather than greater committment
davie = mosques serve as places for social lives and prompt cultural values
social derpivation and marginality
turn to religion as a secure and solid sense of identity
Marx= opium of the people - comforting diversion from truth
weber= theodicy of dis privilege - pentecostalism among alienated young black men
social identity
shoal = young asians have hybrid identity - selected elements of religion and selected elements of personal choice
markers of identity = dress, food, practices and festivals
family pressure
more tight knit in aisan culture = extended family
pressure to conform due to tightness of community and family
SOCIAL CLASS
churches and denomination
ash worth and farthing 2007
churches = middle class pursuit in christian faiths
most likely to attend church regularly
denominations = appeal t lower class lower class
sects, cults and NA
sects = most deprived and marginalised -> coping with disadvantage
cults = bruce = affluent members of middle class - world affirming and followers are customers that spend money to buy into associated products
new age = heelas. = middle class women (yoga and meditation) + working class men (astrology and fortune telling)
spiritual heeling = middle class mainly due to cost of experiences