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Native Americans, Presidents, Federal Government and the Supreme Court -…
Native Americans, Presidents, Federal Government and the Supreme Court
Native American Rights Fund (NARF) of 1970: put pressure on the Supreme Court to protect Native American culture and way of life. It solved issues including...
- Having the right to worship freely
- Performing a proper burial of ancestral remains
- Restoring hunting and fishing rights
- Restoring lost tribal lands
Supreme Court Cases
Seminole Tribe v Butterworth (1982): the Seminole were allowed to establish gambling premises on their lands even though it went against state law
Charrier v Bell (1986): remains dug from burial ground were determined to belong to the Native Americans, which helped preserve their culture
Lone Wolf v Hitchcock (1903): US Government signed a treaty with 3 tribes. Terms included giving up their land for $2 million, however to the Natives terms were unclear and did not have the required 3/4 Native consent. Lonewolf wanted to sue, but the Supreme Court did not accept and said Natives were under control of congress
Sioux v US (1980): The sioux tribe won compensation for the loss of their lands, but rejected it and said they wanted the return of their land
Fisher v Montana (1976): this gave tribal courts the right to decide on adoption and recognised tribal courts
Federal Government
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Failures
The belief in manifest destiny and the encouragement of settlement on the plains led to Government policies such as the Homestead Acts
The alottment policy ignored the tribal nature of their way of life and their desire of self determination
The reservation policy allowed the government to monitor and control the lives of Natives more, as it stopped them from following the buffalo.
The Termination policy stripped Natives of their land for forestry and mining purposes, as they were encouraged to move to urban areas and seek employment
whenever the Government faced economic trouble, their priority turned away from Natives, even though they promised to support them