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Sarah Hernandez P.6 Reproductive System Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Sarah Hernandez P.6
Reproductive System Concept Map
Major functions of the Reproductive System
Male
male sex cells are sperm, where the male system delivers sperm to females
primary sex organs (gonads)
:
testes
produce sperm and hormones
accessory (secondary) sex organs
: internal and external reproductive organs
Female
produce and maintain sex cells (egg cells= oocytes)
transport cells to fertilization site
deliver, feed, nurture offspring, and develop an environment for fetus development
produces female sex hormones
primary sex organs (gonads)
:
ovaries
; produce sex cells and hormones
secondary (accessory) sex organs
: external/internal reproductive organs
Hormones of Reproductive System (male/female)
Male
: controlled by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and testes
hormone control: develop and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics and the production of sperm cells
Hypothalmic + pituitary hormones
:
at puberty, the hypothalamus controls changes that lead to the development of a reproductively functioning adult
GnRH
is secreted from the hypothalamus, which triggers the production from the anterior pituitary gland:
-
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
: promotes the development of interstitial cells of testes, secrets testosterone
-
Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)
: stimulates stertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Male Sex Hormones
:
androgens
: male sex hormones, largely testosterone; responsible for a male's secondary sexual characteristics
Female
: secreted by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, ovaries; controls female reproduction, sex cell maturation, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics
10 years age: hypothalamus secretes
GnRH
stimulating the anterior pituitary to produce
LH/ FSH
2 groups of female sex hormones produced by ovaries= adrenal cortex and placenta
(during pregnancy) estrogen/ progesterone
ovaries are the main source of estrogen (pregnancy) and progesterone (nonpreg.)
, during puberty, ovaries synthesize estrogen in response to FSH
estrogen
: responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics
androgens
: produces puberty changes; low androgen concentration allows the broadening of the hips
*progesterone
: causes the endometrium to be more vascular and uterine glands secrete nutrients for possible embryos
ovulation is triggered by the mid-cycle LH surge
Disorders associated with the Reproductive system
sexually transmitted infections (STI)
since a person can have an infection and transmit it, but ultimately not develop symptoms
STI symptoms have many similarities: fever, sores, blisters, rashes, lower abdominal pain, discharge, and painful intercourse/urination
many STIs go silent/unnoticed, especially in females
acquires immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS): caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
chlamydia infection
: caused by the chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
genital herpes
: caused by herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV2)
genital warts
: caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)
gonorrhea
: caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria
syphilis
: caused by trponeria pallidum bacteria
Anatomy of Female Reproductive Structures
Female Internal Accessory Organs:
ovary
: produces oocytes and female sex hormones
uterine tube
: conveys secondary oocyte towards the uterus,
site of fertilization
, conveys the developing embryo to the uterus
uterus
: protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy
vagina
: conveys uterine secretions to the outside of the body; receives penis during sexual intercourse, provides a passageway for offspring during birth
External Accessory Organs:
labia majora
: enclose and protect other external reproductive organs
labia minora
: forms margins of vestibule; protects vagina and urethra openings
clitoris
: produces pleasure and sexual stimulation due to sensory nerve endings in glands
vestibule
: space between labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings
vestibular glands
: secrete fluid that moistens/ lubricates vestibule
Method and Classifications of contraceptives
birth control
: voluntary regulation of the number of offspring produced
requires the use of
contraceptives
to avoid fertilization and prevent implantation
mechanical barriers
: prevent sperm from entering vagina; condoms, diaphragm, cervical cap
chemical barriers
: contains spermicides; effective with condom use
combined hormone contraceptives
: contains estrogens/progestins to prevent pregnancy, disrupt normal patterns of the female cycle; preventing follicle maturation/ovulation
injectable contraception:
injection of progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation/ovulation for 3 months
contraceptive implants
: implantation of a rod containing progestin under the skin of an arm; prevent follicle maturation/ovulation for 3 years
intrauterine devices (IUD)
: objects implanted in the uterus, toxic to either sperm/egg cells or prevent embryo implantation through the thickening of cervical mucus
sterilization
: surgical methods of permanently prevent pregnancy
males=
vasectomy
: removal of part of vas deferens
females=
tubal ligation
: cutting of uterine tubes
Events of female hormonal cycle:
The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH)
FSH stimulates maturation of a dominant follicle
Follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens
estrogens maintain secondary sex characteristics
estrogens cause the endometrium to thicken
The anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH, which leads to ovulation
Follicular cells become corpus luteum cells, which secretes estrogen and progesterone
estrogens continue to stimulate the uterine wall development
progesterone stimulates the endometrium to become more glandular/ vascular
estrogens/progesterone inhibit the secretion of FSH/LH from the anterior pituitary glands
No fertilization= corpus luteum degenerates and stops hormone secretions
Hormone concentration decreases= endometrium constrictions, the production of menstral flow begins, and the menstral cycle starts to repeat
Anatomy of Male Reproductive Structures
Internal Reproductive Organs
:
testis
: located outside of the body so sperm matures in a colder environment
seminiferous tubules
: produces sperm cells
interstitial cells
: produce/secrete male sex hormones
epididymis
: promotes sperm maturation, stores sperm cells, conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens
ductus deferens
: conveys sperm cells to the ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
: secretes fluid containing citrate; nutrient for sperm
bulborethral gland
: secretes fluid lubricating end of penis
External Reproductive Organs
:
scrotum
: encloses, protects, regulates temperature of testes
penis
: conveys urine/semen outside of the body