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Reproductive system, Karina Salazar, per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Reproductive system, Karina Salazar, per.2
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female)
Only body system a person does not need to survive
Develops and maintains organs for production of offspring
Male reproductive system
Male sex cells- sperm
Delivers sperm to female
Female reproductive system
female sex cell- oocytes
houses and nourishes developing embryo and
fetus
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Primary sex organs (gonads) of the male;
testes
-produce sperm and hormones
ovoid structures suspended by spermatic cord outside trunk in sac, the
scrotum
( A pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses the testes )
Epididymis
tightly coiled tube connected to the testis, leading from the testis to the ductus (vas) deferens
Site of maturation
Ductus Deferens
Muscular tube, leading from epididymis into body cavity
Unites with the seminal vesical duct, and empties into the
ejaculatory duct
Seminal Vesicles
Saclike structure attached to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder
Prostate Gland
Chestnut-shaped structure surrounding the urethra at the base of the urinary bladde
Secretes a thin, milky fluid that contains citrate, a nutrient for sperm, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an enzyme which helps to liquefy semen
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands
The bulbourethral glands are small glands located inferior to
prostate gland
Secrete mucus into the urethra, to lubricate the tip of the penis
in response to sexual stimulation
Semen
Reproductive fluid transported through the urethra to the
outside of the body during ejaculation
Penis
Cylindrical organ that conveys both urine and semen to the
outside
Anatomy of female reproductive structures
Primary sex organs (gonads) are the ovaries, which produce
the sex cells and hormones
Uterine Tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes):
Near ovaries, they expand to form an infundibulum with
fingerlike fimbriae on its margins (normal site of fertilization)
Uterus:
hollow, muscular organ. Receives embryo from uterine tube, and maintains
development of the embryo and then fetus
Vagina:
Fibromuscular tube that extends from uterus to the outside. Conveys uterine secretions, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and serves as birthing canal
Labia Majora:
Enclose and protect other external reproductive organs; correspond to the scrotum of the male
Labia Minora:
Flattened, longitudinal folds between the labia majora. Form a hood around the clitoris
Clitoris:
Small projection at anterior end of vulva, between labia minora. Corresponds to the penis and has a similar structure
Vestibule:
Space enclosed by the labia minora, into which the vagina and urethra open
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Male hormones of the reproductive system
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH):
Secreted by the hypothalamus
Luteinizing hormone (LH):
promotes development of interstitial cells of the testes, which then secrete male hormones (testosterone)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):
stimulates sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules to respond to testosterone
Testosterone:
Responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics (deep voice, body hair, thickening of the skin, and increased muscular and skeletal growth)
Female hormones of the reproductive system
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)
GNRH secretion from the hypothalamus causes secretion to FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
FSH stim, the maturation of a follicle in the ovary
LH stim. follicle to release egg
Estrogen promotes development of female secondary sexual characteristics as female matures
Follicle matures fully by about day 14 of the cycle and is ready for maturation
Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH
Following ovulation follicular cells turn into a grandular corpus lutem
Menstrual bleeding is considered the first day of the next menstrual cycle
When estrogen and progesterone levels fall, the secretion of FSH and LH increases and a next follicle will start to mature
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)
Gonorrhea:
caused by neisseria gonnorrhoeae bacteria
Symtoms;
mainly occur in women such as painful urination
can be treated with antibiotics
Genital Herpes:
caused by HSV2
Symptons:
fever, genital sores,
can be treated by an antiviral drug
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS):
caused by HIV
Symptoms;
fever, weakness, and cancer
treated by drugs prescribed
Chlamydia Infection:
caused by chlamydia trachomitis bacteria
Symptoms:
painful urination or painful intercourse
treated with antibiotics
Genital warts:
caused by HPV
Symptoms:
warts on genitals
treated with antibiotics
Syphilis:
caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria
Symptoms:
could lead up to damage to heart, liver, nerves and brain and rashes
Treated with antibiotics
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Coitus interrupts:
withdrawal of penis from vagina before ejaculation
Not very effective
Combined hormone contraceptives:
Contains estrogen and progestins in order to prevent pregnancy, follicle maturation and ovulation
ex; chemical ring, patch, and contraceptives
Mechanical Barriers:
Prevents sperm from entering the vagina during intercourse
ex: male or female condoms
Rhythm Method:
Abstinence from sexual intercourse around time of ovulation
not effective
Chemical Barriers:
is more effective when using condoms and it contains spermicides
ex; cream, foam, jellies
Injectable contraception:
Injection of progesterone derivative prevents follicle maturation and ovulation
works for about 3 months
Contraceptive Implants:
Implantation of rod containing progestin under the skin in the arm
IUD's:
Objects implanted in the uterus are either toxic to sperm and egg cells or prevent implantation of embryo by inhibiting growth and endometrium
Sterilization:
Surgical methods of permanently preventing pregnancy; vasectomy in male; tubal ligation in female