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Government of The United States - Coggle Diagram
Government of The United States
Principles of The US Constitution : :
Federalism
Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. With roots in ancient Europe, federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Popular Sovereignty
Popular sovereignty, also called squatter sovereignty, in U.S. history, is a controversial political doctrine according to which the people of federal territories should decide for themselves whether their territories would enter the Union as free or slave states.
Republicanism
Republicanism is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state-organized as a republic. Historically, it ranges from the rule of a representative minority or oligarchy to popular sovereignty.
Separation of Powers/ Branches of Government:
Legislative
The job of the legislative branch is to legislate, and make laws.
The legislative branch is congress and it is bicameral, meaning it has two parts.
House of Representatives
The house of representatives is made up of 435 people, proportional to states population.
The house is the lower part, and it is a two year term but with infinite terms.
Senate
The senate has 2 representatives from each state (100 people) and it is equal representation.
The senate is the upper part and it is a 6 year term but with infinite terms.
Executive
The job of the executive branch is to enforce and carry out the laws.
The president is elected every 4 years. The president has to be at least 35 years old and a natural born citizen. The president can serve 2 terms.
The president picks the vice president.
The cabinet is also a part of the executive branch. The cabinet is a group of advisors that are chosen by the president and approved by the senate. There are 15 of them.
Judicial :
The job of the judicial branch is to evaluate and interpret the laws.
Supreme Court Justice
Right now there are 9 in the supreme court justice and they are appointed by the president and approved by the senate.
The Chief Justice is a role of a person in the supreme court. Right now the Chief Justice is John Roberts.
Foundational Documents
Declaration of Independence (1776)
Natural Rights
People have certain inalienable rights, including Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.
Equality
All men are created equal.
civic duty
Individuals have a civic duty to defend these rights for themselves and others.
Popular Sovereignty
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, meaning the government serves the people, that is its primary purpose, and derives its power directly from them.
Constitution (1787)
A system for government
It is a system we still used today to replace the Articles of Confederation
Ratify: 2 Years
Bill of Rights (1791)
1st: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms.
The Third Amendment prevents the government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes. Before the Revolutionary War, laws gave British soldiers the right to take over private homes.
The Fourth Amendment bars the government from unreasonable search and seizure of an individual or their private property.
The Fifth Amendment provides several protections for people accused of crimes. It states that serious criminal charges must be started by a grand jury. A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) or have property taken away without just compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law (fair procedures and trials.)
The Sixth Amendment provides additional protections to people accused of crimes, such as the right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer.
The Seventh Amendment extends the right to a jury trial in federal civil cases.
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Articles of Confederation (1781)
Flawed because each state ruled itself
Government
structures and processes that we use to determine who has power, what choices to make, and what rules to follow
Civics
the role of the citizen, citizen expectations and jobs within the community (jury duty, paying taxes, obeying laws, voting, etc.)
Political Science
study of the politics in government
Checks and Balances
Legislative Power
Impeachment
A charge against a public official that can lead to removale from office.
Override
Congress can override a veto by passing the act by a two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate
Executive
Nomination/Appointment
Veto