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Hyperthyroidism - Coggle Diagram
Hyperthyroidism
Incidence/Prevalence
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In areas with lower rates of iodine, there tend to be higher rates of mild hyperthyroidism compared to areas with higher rates of iodine
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The older you get, the more likely you are to develop hyperthyroidism
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Diagnostics
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Blood tests
Check levels of thyroxine and TSH; high levels of thyroxine or decreased levels of TSH can indicate hyperthyroidism
Radioiodine uptake tests
This tests the amount of iodine the system can uptake in a certain time frame; with high levels of uptake, this shows normal function of thyroxine, with low levels of uptake, this shows evidence of hyperthyroidism
Thyroid ultrasound
A radioactive isotope is injected into patient's vein to test how iodine collects in thyroid and checks for thyroid nodules
Pathogenesis
Any process that allows for a greater amount of free thyroid hormones in the peripheral circulation increases the basal metabolic rate and causes hyperthyroidism
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Malfunction that causes increase free thyroid hormones can happen at the level of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, or in the periphery
Treatments
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Anti-Thyroid Drugs
These drugs block the ability of the thyroid to produce hormones, which controls over secretions
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Adverse reactions are not common, but can include redness, rash, hives, etc.
Surgery/Thyroidectomy
Total thyroidectomy
usually recommended for patients with Grave's disease, or multiple toxic nodules
This removes the entire thyroid, and patient's must take synthetic TH for the rest of their lives
Partial Thyroidectomy
This removes half of the thyroid gland, and patient's must monitor thyroxine levels to see if they are adequate
If levels are found to be adequate, no medication is needed, if not, patient will need to take synthetic TH
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