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6.SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image, image,…
6.SPANISH CULTURE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Spanish culture was greatly influenced by the
Counter-Reformation
.
Felipe II impeded access to its doctrines in the following ways
:
Spaniards were not allowed to study in other countries
Books printed outside the Peninsula were not allowed into the country
Religion played a fundamental role in all works of art.
Art
The
church
and the
monarchy used art to spread their ideas and values
The
most important works of art were
depictions of religious themes
portraits
Spanish Renaissance there were two styles
Classicist
Strove for harmony and serenity and was influenced by Italian art and Flemish painting
Mythological themes and nudes were not portrayed.
Mannerist
dominated in the second half of the century
Works were expressive and had a
dramatic quality
Counter-Reformation wished to evoke
intense feelings
strengthen their religious beliefs
Literature
The most famous religious authors were
mystics
Wrote
about their spiritual experiences
Saint Teresa of Jesus and Saint John of the Cross
Novels
contained realistic
portrayals of daily life
The tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea, which is attributed to Fernando de Rojas, and Lazarillo de Tormes
Garcilaso de la Vega
was the most important
poet
.
Architecture
First third of the century:
Plateresque style dominated
Style
characterised by ornate facades
similar to the work that silversmiths produced at that time
Salamanca University - San Marcos Hospital in León - Santo Domingo Cathedral (the first one on the American continent)
Second third of the century:
Classicist or Purist style
Reproduced the architectural characteristics of the
Italian Renaissance
The amount of decoration was reduced and classical elements were accentuated such as columns and pediments
Examples:
Granada Cathedral by Diego de Siloé
Jaén Cathedral and El Salvador Church in Úbeda, both by Andrés de Vandelvira.
The Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra in Granada by Pedro Machuca
The facade of the Alcázar and the Bisagra Gate, both in Toledo, by Alonso de Covarrubias
Painting
Spanish Renaissance paintings
by Juan de Juanes
Ecce Homo and The Last Supper
Their idealism is similar to Raphael's works.
Italian Titian
the main portrait artist from the Venetian school
Carlos V's court painter
Carlos V at the Battle of Mülberg and Isabella of Portugal
Michael Angelo and Mannerism
was reflected in the use of elongated figures with dramatic expressions on their faces
by Luis de Morales
Madonna and Child and Piety
El Greco
Greek artist who worked in Toledo
characterised by the drama and spirituality reflected on the faces of his subjects
use of elongated figures
cool colours and dark tones
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, The Disrobing of Christ and The Holy Trinity
Sculpture
Classicist style
by the Italians Leoni Leoni and his son Pompeo Leoni
Carlos V's and Felipe II's cenotaphs
Sculpture of Carlos V and the Wrath
The bronze sculptures on the altarpiece of the Basilica of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Mannerism style
the
faces of the sculptures became more expressive
They tried to
evoke intense feelings to reflect
the dramatic situations in some of the passages of the Bible
Main works
were of
religious imagery
and were
painted wooden carvings and altarpieces
Main artists were:
Alonso Berruguete
The Sacrifice of Isaac and The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian
Juan de Juni
he Entombment of Christ and The Virgen of Anguish
