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WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN A BUILDING - Coggle Diagram
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
COLD
TYPES OF COLD WATER SYSTEM
DIRECT SYSTEM
Water is supplied direct from mains to fixtures.
ADVANTAGES :
Saving in pipework especially in multistory buildings.
Fresh drinking water is available at all draw-off points.
Cold water distribution pipe from the cistern being omitted.
DISADVANTAGES :
There is a danger of foul water from the sanitary fittings being siphoned back into the main water.
During peak periods, there is a tendency for the lowering of pressure.
If there is a main burst, there is no store of water.
INDIRECT SYSTEM
Water going to overhead tank and then the water is supplied to different floors by gravity.
ADVANTAGES :
Indirect system is that even if the water supply to the property is cut off, there’s still a reserve of water.
Indirect systems also operate at a lower pressure than mains water.
There is no risk of back siphon age with this system.
DISADVANTAGES :
Longer pipe runs are required.
A larger storage system is necessary.
Fresh drinking water is only available at the kitchen sink or single point.
HOT
INTRODUCTION - NEEDS AND IMPORTANT
Thermodynamic process.
Using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.
USES OF HOT WATER
Domestic use - cooking, heating, cleaning, bathing and space heating.
Commercial / industrial use - cafe, restaurant, hotel, factory using steaming.
Medical use - hospital, operation theater and surgery.
TYPES OF HOT WATER SYSTEM
Alternative energy :-
solar energy
heat pumps
hot water heat recovering and
sometimes geothermal heating
usually in combination with backup systems supplied by gas, oil or electricity.
HEATING PROCESS
Electrical Heating System
The cost more expensive
Care is required to conserve heat
Two types of electrical hot water system :-
Instantaneous water heaters (Tank-less water)
Storage systems
1) TANK-LESS WATER HEATING SYSTEM :-
Also call instantaneous
Provide continuous flow, instant on water heaters.
Give instant hot water day or night.
Instantly heat water as it flows through the device.
Do not retain any water internally.
Water for tank-less heater obtainable in the following :-
Sink heaters - single or multi-point to serve sink or basin.
Bath heaters - a swivel spout can serve a wash basin in addition to the bath
Boiling water heaters - provide hot water or boiling water for making drinks
Multiple heaters - provide sufficient hot water to bath, sink, basin or may be used in larger building
ADVANTAGES
Less maintenance
Extended life span
Less maintenance
DISADVANTAGES
No Access to Hot Water During a Power Outage
Take Longer to Deliver Hot Water
Inconsistent Water Temperature When Multiple Outlets Are in Use
2) STORAGE SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES
High flow rates
Power shower capability
Low maintenance costs
Less risk of being without supply
DISADVANTAGES
Pre heat hot water needed
Hot water require recovery time
Storage space needed
Risk of pipes freezing in winter
Solar Heating System
Water heated by the use of solar energy.
Composed by :-
solar thermal collectors
a water storage tank
interconnecting pipes and
a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to the tank
Solar collector typically 3-6m2 in area.
Standard package with appliances.
ADVANTAGES
Solar Water Heaters have next to zero operating costs
They work during power cuts
Highly suitable for varying water conditions
Quick and easy to install
COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL WATER HEATER & SOLAR WATER HEATER
PLUMBING SYSTEM
System includes all
potable water supply* and
distribution pipes**, all plumbing fixtures and traps;
all
sanitary
ang
storm drainage
systems; eg, roof drains and down spouts
and all building
drains
and
sewers
, including the joints and connections
Also fuel
gas piping
; water heaters and
vents
for same
PLUMBING CYCLE
