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Irrigation supplying water artificially to an area, Excess use of …
Irrigation
supplying water
artificially to an area
Increased arable land
Increased
Production
Consistent supply of
water (monsoon)
Underground tunnels
to supply water
(usually comes
from the sea)
Flood the fields
(problematic)
Soil is filled
with water
Roots are unable
to get the nutrients
they need, "drown"
Reduced
Productivity
Excess use of
chemicals
Contamination of
ground water
Pesticides and fertilisers seep
into the ground water through
the process of percolation
(water going downwards
through the soil)
Ground water is contaminated
and unsuitable for agriculture
or drinking
Reduced productivity as
people fall sick
Water
Pollution
Chemicals washed into
water bodies during
surface runoff
Pollute
the water
Water-borne
diseases
When people consume it;
aquatic animals and plants
die, affecting ecosystem
Farmers may be affected
as they have less fish
to catch and sell
Eutrophication
Fertilisers
Excess nutrients
in water
Promote growth
of algae
Blocks sunlight
and takes in oxygen
Aquatic plants and animals
do not have sufficient
oxygen for survival
Die
Decompose of dead animals
and plants use up more oxygen
Deplete oxygen content
in the water further
Waterlogging
Soil is over saturated
with water
Salinisation
Seawater usually used
for irrigation
Seawater eventually evaporates,
leaving behind salt on the soil
Soil becomes too
salty and unsuitable
for agriculture
reduced productivity
and yield
Too much salt
in the soil