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Past simple of verb be, Countable & uncountable nouns / quantifiers,…
Past simple of verb be
Negative
I wasn't You weren't He wasn't She wasn't It wasn't We weren't You weren't
He wasn't at the match
Affirmative
I was
You were He was
She was
It was
We were You were
He was at the mach
Interrogative
Was I
Were you Was he
Was she
Was it
Were we Were they
Was he at the match?
Countable & uncountable nouns / quantifiers
Countable nouns
Use
We use for things wich e can count. They have a singular and a plural form. In the singular, we can use them with the indefinite article a / an and the number one.
I saw an eagle when I went hiking last year
Only countable nouns can be used in the plural. We can use them with a number above one. We can also use them on their own to talk about things in general.
Penguins live in Antarctica
Quantifiers
Use
We use much and many in negative sentences for a small quantity
We use much, how much many and how many in questions to ask about quantity
We sometimes use many in affirmative sentences for a large quantity. But a lot / lots is more common in spoken English
We use a lot (of) and lots (of) in affirmative sentences for a large quantity and in negative sentences for a small quantity. They mean the same, but lots is more informal
We always include of before the noun. But when we omit the noun, for example in an answer, we don't include of.
We use a few and a little for a small quantity
Uncountable nouns
Use
We use for things wich only have a singular form. We can't count them, and we can't use a / an or the number one with them. But we can use them on their own to talk about things in general.
I love bread, especially with butter
Past simple regular e irregular verbs
Past simple affirmative
Regular verbs
Spelling rules (-ed)
If a verb end in consonant + -y, the ending is -ied:
study - studied
If a one-syllable verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we usually double the final consosnant:
stop - stopped
We do the same with two syllable verbs with the stress on the last syllable
prefer - preferred
Past time expressions
In + years, months
I went to Spain
in
2010
On + days
I was sick
on
Monday
At + times, midday, midnight
I woke up
at
7am
Last + night, week, weekend, month, year
We went on holiday
last
year
Yesterday + morning, afternoon, evening
I tidied my room
yesterday
morning
Any period of time + ago
We met four months
ago
Irregular verbs
Common verbs that have an irregular past simple form
Buy - bought Bring - brought Catch - caught Do - did
Get - got
Go - went
Keep - kept Make - made Ride - rode Take - took
etc.
Use
We use to talk about finished actions and situations in the past. We can use it to talk about short actions.
When I
finished
my homework
We can also use the past simple to talk about longer actions and situations
We
stayed
at a nice hotel on the beach
Past simple negative & questions
Negative
Use
To form the negative form of the past simple, we use didn't with infinitive. We use the infinitive main verb,
not
the past simple form.
We didn't
finish
our homework last night.
Questions
Use
To form yes/no questions with the past simple, we use did + pronoun + infinitive.
Did he go
to the concert las night?
To form short answers with the past simple, we use Yes, I did or No, I didn't
Did
we
study
the Vikings last year?
No, we didn't
Comparatives / superlatives
Comparatives
Use
We use to compare two things. We use than before the second thing
Rules
For other one-syllable adjectives, we add -er
small - smaller
For other two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, we omit -y and add -ier
dry - drier
For other adjectives with two or more syllables, we use more
more dificult
For irregular adjectives, we use a different word completely
good better
For one-syllable adjectives ending consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the last consonant and add -er
big - bigger
A few two syllable adjectives that don't end in -y have a comparative form ending in -er
stupider
For one-syllable adjectives ending in -e, we add -r
nice - nicer
Superlatives
Use
We use to put one thing above a group of other things
Rules
For one-syllable adjectives ending in -e, we add -st
nice - the nicest
For one-syllable adjectives ending consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the last consonant and add -est
big - the biggest
For other one-syllable adjectives, we add -est
small - the smallest
For other two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, we omit -y and add -iest
dry - driest
For other adjectives with two or more syllables, we use the most
the most dificult
For irregular adjectives, we use a different word completely
good - the best
A few two syllable adjectives that don't end in -y have a comparative form ending in -est
the stupidest