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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION - Coggle Diagram
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Religious wars
Peace of Augsburg
the Emperor granted
Protestant princes religious freedom
signed in 1555
civil war broke out
defeated the League
the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
the Emperor and the Catholic German princes
Protestant German princes supported
Luther
formed the aliance Schmalkaldic League
France sided against the Emperor
greater balance of military power
Emperor supported Pope and Church
agreement didn't result in religious peace in Europe
provoked a series of religious wars
Low Countries
rebellion against Spanish rule
1568-1648
Dutch War of Independence
Eighty Years' War
civil war between
Calvinists
Catholics
ended with the victory of the Calvinists
northern provinces
British Isles
series of conflicts among
Catholics
Anglicans and Puritans in England
Scotland and Ireland
1639-1651
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
ended with the Anglicans gaining power
France
bloody episodes
such as the massacre of Protestants on St
1598
conflicts ended
King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes
granted the Protestants
certain amount of religious freedom
second half of the 16th century
wars between Catholics and Protestants continued
Bartholomew's Day in 1572
some meetings took place
Lutherans Protestants
referred to themselves as the Reformed
Diet of Worms
no agreement reached
Consequences of religious division in Europe
in Switzerland
Calvinists executed the Spanish scientist
Miguel Servet
for his religious beliefs
Protestants and Catholics
persecuted each other
in the areas they dominated
Pope and the Emperor
became less influential
Protestant kings and nobles
gained more power
their possessions.
by taking over their national churches
Carlos I
Emperor in 1519
was a devout Catholic
was a devout Catholic
prevent the division of the Church
King of Spain
Catholic Monarchs' grandson
1521
was unsuccessful
received the protection of the German nobles
had opportunity to increase their possessions
taking those of the Church
increase their autonomy
Church excommunicated Luther
attempted to prosecute him for heresy
The counter-reformation
The clarification of their teachings
These included
carrying out good deeds
to achieve salvation
observing the seven sacraments
recognising the Pope as the highest authority
venerating
Virgin Mary
the saints
need for priests to interpret the Bible
void deviations
The dogmas and principles
were maintained
that the Protestants rejected
Internal reform
Seminaries and universities
founded to improve training priests received
Bishops were more strictly controlled
sale of indulgences prohibited
religious orders were reformed
Measures were taken
resolve internal corruption
Society of Jesus gained power
The Jesuits
main group responsible for spreading the teachings
of the Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
established the Catholic Church’s course of action
internal reform
the repression of Protestantism.
the clarification of their teachings
1545-1563
The repression of Protestantism
Inquisition
reinforced
an Index of forbidden books
opposed the Catholic faith
was published
whose followers were heretics
Counter-Reformation
led by the Catholic Church
against Protestant Reformation
intellectual
political movement
religious
Catholics
maintained their power over
southern
central Europe
