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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION - Coggle Diagram
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Counter-Reformation
Was a religious, intellectual and political movement
Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation
1545 and 1563
Council of Trent
Catholic Church’s course of action in 3 areas
The clarification of their teachings
Principles that Protestants rejected were maintained
Carrying out good deeds to achieve salvation
Observing the seven sacraments
Pope highest authority
Venerating the Virgin Mary & the saints
Need for priests to interpret the Bible
Internal reform
Measures were taken
To improve the training of priests
Seminaries and universities were founded
Bishops were controlled
Sale of indulgences was prohibited
Religious orders were reformed
Society of Jesus
Gained importance
Jesuits were responsible for spreading
Teachings of the Counter-Reformation
1 more item...
The repression of Protestantism
Followers of it were considerer
heretics
Inquisition
was reinforced
Index of forbidden books
was published
Opposed the Catholic faith
RELIGIOUS WARS
1521
Luther was excommunicatted by the Church
Attempted to prosecute him for heresy
It was unsuccessful because
He received the protection of the German nobles
German nobles
Saw an opportunity to ↑ their possessions
Taking them from the Church
And autonomy (from the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire)
1519
The Catholic Monarch's grandson
King of Spain/Carlos I
Was appointed Emperor (as Carlos V)
He was a devout Catholic
To prevent the division of the Church
Tried to mediate this conflict
Diet of Worms
A meeting with no agreement reached
Lutherans
Were consider
Protestants
for Catholics
Called themselves as the
Reformed
A civil war broke out
The Emperor supported
The Pope
The Church
Protestant German princes supported
Luther and formed an alliance
Which was called
Schmalkaldic League
Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
The Emperor defeated the German princes
France sided against the Emperor
And there was a greater balance of military power
Finaly in 1555
Peace of Augsburg
was signed
The Emperor garanted religious freedom
To the Protestant princess
WARS
In
Low countries
1568-1648
Dutch War of Independence/Eighty Year's War
Was a rebellion against Spanish rule
And civil war of Catholics-Calvinists
Clavinists won in the northern provinces
In
British Isles
1639-1651
Three Kindom's War
Conflicts of Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans
Happened in England, Scotland & Ireland
Anglicans won power
In
France
At the 2nd half of the 16th century
Wars of Catholics-Protestants continued
1572
St. Bartholomew's Day
Was a massacre of Protestants
Were very bloody episodes
1598 conflicts ended when
King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes
Granted the Protestants "religious freedom"
CONSEQUENCES OF RELIGIOUS DIVISION IN EUROPE
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other
In Switzerland Miguel Servet was executed
By the Calvinists for his religious belives
Pope and the Emperor became ↓ influential
Protestant kings and nobles ↑ power
Taking their national churches & their possessions
