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SPAIN: THE BOOURBON RESTORATION - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: THE BOOURBON RESTORATION
The First Spanish Republic
ended
December 1874
after a military uprising
proclaimed Alfonso XII (Isabel II's son) king of Spain
Bourbon Restoration
politician Cánovas del Castillo
re-established a constitutional monarchy
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII (1875–1885) AND THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA (1885–1902)
The reign of Alfonso XII
political stability for Spain
no military uprisings
economy
grew under the stabilising impact
new political system set up by Cánovas del Castillo
Canovist system
The Constitution of 1876
constitutional monarchy
the only legal form of government
shared sovereignty
the monarch
the Cortes
Bipartisanship
a system of two alternating official political parties
Conservative government
led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Liberal government
Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Caciquismo
allowed elections to be manipulated
guaranteed the victory of the party previously chosen
During the reing
groups that supported
Canovist system
reign of Alfonso XII
wanted political stability
Catholic Church
Landowners
the army
Middle-class busuness owners
areas of nationalism and regionalism
Cataluña
were marginalised by the centralised state system
Galicia
País Vasco
Andalucía
opposition from
anarchists
excluded from politics by this system
socialists
republicans
Alfonso XII fought and defeated in the Third Carlist war
death of Alfonso XII
in 1885,
Pact of El Pardo
Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta
to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
was regent until her son Alfonso XIII came of age
Regionalism and nationalism
Basque nationalism
Galician nationalism
Catalan nationalism
Andalusian regionalism
THE DISASTER OF 98
THE CAUSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONFLICT
demands of the Cuban Creole bourgeoisie for political autonomy
rejection of the demands of the Creole bourgeoisie by the dominant Spanish class
Cuban War (1895–1898)
treaty of Paris (1898)
THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFEAT
the demoralisation of the Spanish people
the appearance of regenerationism
the economic crisis
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
biggest buyer of Cuban sugar and tobacco
United States decided to support the Spanish colony in its fight for independence
United States to enter the war was the accidental explosion of the American warship Maine
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII (1902–1931)
Political conflict
Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
advocated the access of the working class
Partido Comunista Español (PCE)
republican parties
advocated the establishment of a republic
regionalist parties
advocated autonomy for their region
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya (LRC)
Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
The Constitution of 1876
The development of the workers' movement
important concessions
creation of a pension system for retired workers
laws to regulate female and child labour
eight-hour working day and six-day working week
legal recognition for trade unions
War in Morocco
Tragic Week (1909)
was brutally suppressed by the army
protest led by workers and families of soldiers
Annual disaster (1921)
Spanish troops were defeated at Annual in Morocco
many soldiers lost their lives
The military problem
very critical of the army because of its defeats in Morocco
Spanish political life
the army was charged with repressing demonstrations and strikes.
mostly affected the poor and members of the working class
military coup in 1923
led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera
