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Psychology of the education - Coggle Diagram
Psychology of the education
Human development
Individual Differences
There are two factors
Environmental factors:
Socioeconomic differences
•Cultural differences
• Parenting practices
Hereditary factors: expresses the proportion by which the variability of
certain characteristic can be attributed to genetic causes.
Personal, social and moral development
made up of the following stages
Early childhood: initiative vs. fault
The child: autonomy vs. sorrow and doubts
The elementary and middle school years: application vs. inferiority
Childhood: trust vs. distrust
Adolescence: search for identity
Development: made a general definition
these are divided into:
Personal development is the term used to refer to changes in an individual's personality.
The development
physical: as you might guess, it refers to changes in the body
Social development: refers to changes in the way an individual
relates to others.
cognitive development:
thought changes.
Operative Pedagogy
Learning to Learn Theory
reflect on their own learning, be aware of
how they learn and practice self-questioning.
Practice various strategies to apply selectively in the execution of
certain tasks.
Ausubel Principles
The teacher elaborates previous organizers that he presents through the method
expository to students: they are introduced to semantic knowledge
procedural and large number of examples.
Students after this apply the knowledge in solving
problems or recognize it in examples (operate deductively).
Principles of Jean Piaget
Accommodation: in this phase it is the mental schemes that are
restructure, and undergo change due to the influence of information
new received.
Balance: it is the balance that is generated when the data and structures
minds correspond.
Assimilation: it has the function of giving a meaning to the data perceived
based on the knowledge already acquired.
Instruction Principles
The theory of instruction is characterized by having four principles
fundamental, related to motivation, structure, sequencing and
reinforcement.
The Motivation and Direction of the classroom
What is motivation?
Motivation is usually defined as something that energizes and directs behavior.
Behavioral Approach to Motivation
Behaviorists assume that we have basic physiological needs that
motivate – hunger, thirst, sex and others When these needs are satisfied,
certain acts and experiences are associated with primary reinforcers, probably
through classical conditioning in that such associated acts are
They become secondary reinforcers.
Cognitive Approach to Motivation
Cognitive theories assume that humans have a basic need
to understand our environment and to be competent, active and effective in dealing with it.
world.
Humanistic Approaches to Motivation
Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal freedom, choice,
self-determination and the effort for personal development.
Introduction to Educational Psychology
Teaching
teaching is
ultimately an art or that it is a science and only a science. However, most
agrees that teaching has both artistic and scientific elements.
The role of educational psychology
Educational psychology is primarily concerned with: understanding teaching and learning processes and developing ways to improve these processes.
Characteristics of Educational Psychology
It is characteristic of a situation undergoing transformation.
And the same is also true of the fact that psychologists recognize that the
teaching and educating requires something more than the mere application of the results of
psychological research.
Components of a prescriptive approach to Psycho. educational
components of a prescriptive theory of learning
a). description of the state of knowledge to acquire
b). description of the initial state with which the student starts
d). assessment of specific and generalized learning outcomes.
c). specification of interventions that can help the student to go from their
initial state to desired state