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THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
Russian Empires characteristics in 1900
the government was autocratic
the tsar had unlimited power and authority
civil rights were not recognised and political parties were repressed
the economy was semi-feudal
agricultural land was owned by a wealthy minority and worked by a peasant majority
industrialisation began
around 1890
giving rise to the formation of a small bourgeoisie of business owners and a proletariat
there was social unrest
three-quarters of the population were peasants who lived in poverty and paid high taxes
both the peasants and factory workers suffered hard working conditions with low wages and long working days
THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II
in between 1094-1917
his autocratic power decreased because of
the appearance of political parties
various political parties were created which opposed the tsar
hey were unhappy about the lack of rights and miserable conditions that most Russians lived in
the 1905 Revolution
the industrial workers in St Petersburg moved peacefully on the Winter Palace
to ask for improvements in working conditions and political reform
in January 1905
the protesters were brutally suppressed and the protest became known as Bloody Sunday
people responded with strikes and protests
Tsar Nicholas II agreed to make some political reforms and authorised the formation of a Duma
soon after
the Duma was dissolved and autocracy was re-established
the Russo-Japanese War
in between 1904–1905
Russia and Japan fought for control of Manchuria
he war was unpopular because new taxes were imposed in order to pay for the conflict
soldiers were continually being recruited
he Russian defeat highlighted a badly organised army
led to increased public hostility towards the tsar
articipation in the First World War
the Russian Empire took part in the First World War because it was allied with Great Britain and France
in 1914
the continuous defeats the army suffered under the leadership of the tsar caused further discontent among the people
THE CREATION OF THE USSR
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was created in 1922
Political organisation
put into practice Marxist ideas (communism) with the establishment of a proletariat dictatorship
the main characteristics were
the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
was the only political party
it represented the interests of the workers
political power was held by the soviets
had the power to make laws
to choose the people who held executive power
Economy
Lenin was forced to postpone the implementation of socialism
because of the shortage of food caused by the civil war
he established the New Economic Policy
allowed some capitalist systems to exist to increase production
peasants could sell their produce
small private artisan and trading companies were set up
the state controlled the important sectors
Territorial organisation
was a federal state that included
Russia as the main republic
several smaller republics
which accepted the soviet system
resolved the problems of former nationalities of the Russian Empire
THE 1917 REVOLUTIONS
The February Revolution
there was a successful revolution of workers in Petrograd
supported by soldiers and peasants
They protested about the
disasters of the war
the shortage of food
demanded Russia's withdrawal from the war
Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate
in march
a provisional government was formed
made up of liberals and Menshevik socialists led by the socialist Alexander Kerensky
the new government proclaimed Russia a republic
began to set up a democratic regime
legalised political parties
to establish a Constituent assembly that would write a constitution
called elections for the end of the year with universal male suffrage
the provisional government failed because
they did not keep their promise to redistribute land among the peasants and above all
they did not withdraw from the war
a parallel government was created led by the Petrograd Soviet
demanded the immediate withdrawal of Russia from the war
The October Revolution
the Bolsheviks
organised into soviets and led by Lenin and Trotsky
attacked the Winter Palace in Petrograd,
established a new proletarian government
named the Council of People's Commissars
Lenin became Russia's leader and when he died
in 1924
Stalin succeeded him
the first actions of Lenin's government were the following
in 1918
to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
allowed Russia to withdraw from the war
Russia agreed to give territory to Germany
to expropriate land and redistribute it among the peasants and give the control of industries to the workers' committees
to change the name of the Bolshevik party to the Communist Party and make it the only legal political party
to found the Third International
to coordinate all the communist parties around the world
a civil war broke out in Russia
1918–1921
between the counter-revolutionaries
formed the White Army
againts
the Bolshevik forces of the Red Army
