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INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS, Systems Development Tools and Techniques,…
INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
**Hardware
Software
Data
Processes
People**
A System is a set of related components
that produces specific results
A Mission-critical system is one that is
vital to a company’s operations
Information systems have five key
components : hardware, software, data,
processes, and people
Software
System hardware
Manage the hardware components, which can include a single warkstation or a global network with many thousands of clients.
Exp : operating system, security software
Network operating system
Control the low of data, provides data security, and manages
network operation.
Application software
Consists of programs that support day to-day business
functions and provide users with the information they required. It can serve one users or thousands people throughout an organization.
Example of company-wide applications, called entreprise applications, include order processing system
Enterprise applications
On a smaller scale, individual users increase their productivity with tools such as spreadsheet, word processors, and databased management systems. Include order processing systems, payroll system, and
company communications networks.
Example : automated billing system, call centre
Horizontal system
Such as an inventory or payroll application, that can be
adapted for use in many different types of companies
Vertical system
Designed to meet the unique requirements ot a specific
business or industry, such as a Web-based retailer, a medical practice, or a video chain.
Legacy system
When planning an information system, a company must
consider how a new system will interlace with older system.
Systems Development Tools and
Techniques
Systems analysts must know how to use
a variety of techniques such as modeling,
prototyping, and computer-aided
systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information
systems
Systems analysts work with these tools in
a team environment
Modeling
A systems analyst can describe and simplify an
information system by using a set of business, data, object, and process models.
Prototyping
Early working version of an information system
Speeds up the development process significantly
Can be an extremely valuable tool
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering
(CASE) Tools
CASE uses powerful software to help systems
analysts develop and maintain information systems
Systems Development Methods
Structured Analysis
traditional systems development technique
Uses the systems development life cycle to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system
Object-oriented (O-O) analysis
combines data and the processes that act on the
data into things called objects
Systems analysts use O-O to model real-world
business processes and operations
Joint Application Development and
Rapid Application Development
JAD – Team based fact finding
RAD – compressed version of the entire process
Other development methodologies
In addition to structured analysis and O-O
methodologies, you might encounter other systems
development techniques
Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) documents
the experience of its own IT teams