1.0 Machinery Principles
1.1 Electrical Machine and Transformers (Pg 8)
1.3 The Magnetic Field, B (Pg 22)
1.2 Rotational Motion, Newton's Law and Power Relationships (Pg 14)
1.4 Faraday's Law (Pg 42)
1.6 Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field (Pg 51)
1.5 Induced Force on a Wire (Pg 48)
变形电锯（1.1）启动旋转，有能量， 他是牛顿（1.2)
牛顿吸引装备变钢铁侠（1.3），他是father爹（1.4）
钢铁侠产生巨大力量（1.5）和高电压（1.6）
电锯（形状） = 6 个point
Electrical Machine
Transformers
Generator
Motor
Prime mover
mechanical energy to electric energy
Electrical energy to mechanical energy
Action of a magnetic action
Water turbine
Diesel engine
Steam
Convert AC electrical energy
from one voltage level to another voltage level
minimal losses
High voltage, reduce transmission losses
Newton's Law of Rotation
Power
Rotational motion
Construction
Stator
Shaft
Rotor
restricted to one angular dimension
CW = -ve angle
CCW = +ve angle
Angular Velocity, ω (rad/s)
Angular Acceleration, a (rad/s^2)
Angular Position, θ (radians or degrees)
Torque, T (Nm)
ω = dθ/dt
a = dω/dt
T = (F)(r sinθ)
Force (linear)
Torque (rotational)
T = Ja
F = ma
J = the moment of inertia (kgm^2)
P = dW/dt
W = Fr
W = 𝜏θ
linear
rotational
Principles
Hand
Formula
Ferromagnetic Materials
Transformer Action
Motor Action
Electromagnetic Action
Generator Action
Right Hand Grip Rule
Fleming's Rule
Ampere's = direction of thumb is I, rotation is B
Direction of thumb is north pole (N), rotation is I
Left-hand rule
Right-hand rule
Motor (I is supplied)
Generator (I is generated)
FBI（手指）做莫（左motor）又贱（右generator）
B = μH
Φ = BA
H x lc = Ni
Ni is magnetomotive force, lc is mean path length
B is magnetic flux density (T or wb/m^2)
H is magnetic field intensity (Ampere-Turns/meter),
Magnetic Circuit
μ is magnetic permeability of material (H/m)
μ0 is permeability of free space = 4pi x 10^-7 H/m
A is plane of area
Φ = BA = (μNiA) / lc = Ni (μA / lc) = Ni / R
Ni is magnetomotive force
R is reluctance of circuit = lc / μA
Hysteresis Loop
Amount of flux not only depend on the amount of current applied to the winding
Φ is total flux (Tm^2 or Wb)
变形（Transformer）电锯（EM)
头发飘逸，外貌（Construction）很帅的牛顿（Newton）拿着旋转（Rotational）能量（Power）电锯，锯苹果树
钢铁侠（Ferro...）原理（principle）就是用手（hand）写方程式（formula）
Formula
Eddy current
Definition
flux passes through a turn of a coil a wire, voltage or electromotive force (emf) will be induced in turn of wire
e(ind) is directly proportional to the rate of change in the flux with respect to time
Ideal case (same flux each turn of coil)
flux leaking out
e(ind) = -dΦ/dt = -N(dΦ/dt)
e(ind) = dλ/dt
λ = ΣΦi , summation from i=1 to N
Definition
Eddy current loss
an electric current induced by an alternating magnetic field
eddy current flow circumferential direction
it generates its own magnetic field which counteracts the magnetic field of the coil
the self induction is low and the current consumption high in AC
Len's law applies to self inductance
negative sign = Len's law is stated that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing magnetic field which produced it
Definition
Formula (power equation)
effect
Methods of reducing
An eddy current of magnitude flow through a core path of resistance, it will dissipate energy in the form of heat according to the power equation
P = I^2 x R
eddy current loss also increases the temperature of the magnitude material
Lamination
High resistance magnetic material
by splitting the solid core as thin sheets in the plane parallel to the magnetic field
such as silicon steel
Each lamination is insulated from the other by a thin layer of coating of varnish or oxide film
Application
Induction heating
Braking of trains
father (faraday) and aunty (eddy)
Hand
Formula
Definition
Motor
An electric current in a magnetic field experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to both the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field.
Fleming's Left-Hand Rule
F = Bi Lsinθ
F = magnitude of the force
B = magnetic flux density vector (T)
i = magnitude of current in wire (A)
L = length of wire (m)
θ = angle between the wire and the flux density vector (degree)
Generator
Hand
Formula
Definition
If a wire with the proper orientation moves through a magnetic field, a voltage is induced in it.
Fleming's Right-Hand Rule
e(ind) = (v x B).L
e(ind) = (vBsin α). Lcos β
v = velocity of conductor (m/s)
B = magnetic flux density vector (T)
L = length of conductor (m)
α = angle between v and B
β = angle between wire and vector v x B
F1(formula)
钢铁侠手高电压（Hand）
Motor和Generator分支一样，所以直接两边图像结合
凤梨切成4分（4pi）被鸡捡去吃（-7）