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Health Disparities within the Transgender Population - Coggle Diagram
Health Disparities within the Transgender Population
Transgender individuals are subjected to unique stressors, which increases vulnerability to negative physical and psychosocial health outcomes
Distal stressors are objective, occur because of one's minority status, and exist within social structures
discrimination, nonaffirmation, and victimization that are codified through laws, policies, and cultural norms.
Proximal stressors are internal or subjective experiences at the individual level
Internalized transphobia, concealment of identity, and fear of future discrimination, rejection, and victimization
Stressors can be chronic or acute in nature, and over time, increase vulnerability to negative mental, sexual, and physical health outcomes.
High prevalence and significant disparities in mental health exist for transgender individuals.
prevalence of suicide attempts in the transgender population range from 18 to 41%; which is 15–38 percentage points higher than in the overall U.S. population.
the suicide attempt rate is approximately six times the national average for their cisgender counterparts
trans and genderqueer individuals experience more generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and eating concerns than cisgender individuals
Significantly less is known about the minority stress experiences of non-binary, trans, and genderqueer people because their experiences have been examined much less
The transgender community face many sexual health disparities including higher rates of acquiring HIV
Black and Hispanic transwomen are particularly vulnerable.
Black transwomen had the highest HIV prevalence which is estimated to be 56.3%, followed by White transwomen at 16.7% and Hispanic 16.1% transwomen
Nearly 1 million people identify as transgender; with 31% of this population engaging in sex work
the prevalence of HIV in this population is estimated to be 25% to 28% of transgender persons in the United States.
From 2009 to 2014, 2351 US transgender persons received an HIV diagnosis, with 84% identifying as transwomen and 15% as transmen.
Growing research on transgender men shows increased HIV risk, although not as much is known about this transgender population
Transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals face barriers to accessing health care
Trans people report delaying medical care for availability of trans-competent services to experiences of prejudice and discrimination
Institutional barriers: lack of insurance coverage of gender-affirming medical treatments, stringent treatment guidelines, and inattention to coverage of transgender health needs
Provider-level barriers: receiving culturally competent medical training and the elimination of health care provider prejudice and discrimination, which can affect the ability to care for trans patients
Patient-level barriers: postponement of care based on previous experiences of prejudice and discrimination
transgender and gender nonconforming people are more likely to experience negative overall health
more likely to experience many forms of discrimination, suffer from chronic diseases, live in poverty, participate in negative sexual behaviors, suffer from substance abuse, and lack access to health care
documented higher rates of cigarette smoking and alcohol use among respondents who identified as transgender
In one study, 54% of transgender participants reported urinary tract infections, kidney infections, and dehydration
related to holding one's bladder due to trying to avoid using public restrooms because of past experiences of discrimination and harassment in such spaces
reports of sexual violence since enrolling in college, transgender undergraduate and graduate students have rates comparable or slightly higher than female students
10% of respondents reported a sexual assault in the last year and almost half (47%) reported a sexual assault at some point in their lifetime