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SPAIN, THE BOURBOUN RESTORATION, image, image, image, image, image, image …
SPAIN, THE BOURBOUN RESTORATION
the reign of Alfonso XII and Maria Cristina
reign of Alfonso XII was a period of political stability for Spain
new political system set up by Cánovas del Castillo
Constitution of 1876
recognised a constitutional monarchy as the only legal form of government
Bipartisanship was established
The Conservative government and the Liberal government
Caciquismo
allowed elections to be manipulated and guaranteed the victory
there was opposition from republicans, anarchists and socialists, who were excluded from politics
Alfonso XII in 1885
Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta signed the Pact of El Pardo
agreement to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
She was regent until her son Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902.
the reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII
became king in 1902
faced with a series of problems
Political conflict
Constitution of 1876 was still in effect
but the system began to collapse due to internal divisions in both parties
other parties were increasing
PSOE advocated the access of the working class to political power
republican parties, which advocated the establishment of a republic
regionalist parties which advocated autonomy for their region
The development of the workers' movement
the reign of Alfonso XIII
workers' movement continued to fight for better working conditions
trade unions supported and coordinated the movement
Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
important concessions
an eight-hour working day and six-day working week
the creation of a pension system for retird workers.
new laws to regulate female and child labour
legal recognition for trade unions
War in Morocco
Disaster of 98 and the loss of its last colonies,
Spanish government decided to regain international prestige
Spain established a protectorate over its newly acquired territories in Morocco in 1912
Spain's presence in Morocco was opposed by the local population
war started 1909-1927
Tragic Week (1909)
Spanish reservists were sent to the war in Morocco
Annual disaster (1921)
Spanish troops were defeated at Annual in Morocco
The military problem
Spanish public opinion was very critica
its defeats in Morocco
extensive involvement of the military in Spanish political life
Compulsory military service also created discontent
Wealthier people could avoid military service by paying a special fee
This practice was abolished in 1912.
military coup in 1923
led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera and approved of by the king
Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship.
