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sustainable approaches to managing coasts - Coggle Diagram
sustainable approaches to managing coasts
shoreline management plan (SMP)
1990: SMP replace the PIECEMEAL and TRADITIONAL approach to traditional coastal management of flooding and erosion
PIECEMEAL:
22 SMP's were created as opposed to having individual locally funded approaches to management
Ensure that sections of coast work together to achieve the best possible outcome
SMP are organised in terms of TIME
short term: 0-20 yyears
medium term: 20 - 50 years
long term: 50- 100 years
the latest one was created in 2010
aimes
adress risks with developing costline
environmentally acceptable
economically viable
comply with the law
promote longterm planning
live working documents that can changeg overtiem
create policy agenda for defences
create a framework to adress the risks
do this sustainably
example is the North solent Management plan which is the 13'th cell
4 coastal management options
Hold the Line (HTL): Maintain or upgrade the level of protection provided by existing coastal defences.
Advance the Line (ATL): Build new defences seaward of the existing defence line.
Managed Realignment (MR): Allowing the shoreline to move backwards or forwards, with management to control or limit movement.
No Active Intervention (NAI): a decision not to invest in providing or maintaining any defence
integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
ICZM started in 1992 at a UN Earth Summit ( here a policy called AGENDA 21 was set up to create global sustainability frameworks and targets ; and is now part of the UN 15 sustainable development goals )
Different countries and organisations ( such as EU/ India ) create their own ICZMs but here are the overall aims
Aimes
It is a coordinated application of different policies affecting the COASTAL ZONE - these relate to
Nature protection, Aquaculture, Fisheries
Agriculture, industry, Shipping, Tourism
Offshore wind energy, infrastructure
Mitigation and adaptation to climate change
A sustainable development of coastal zones that is an ‘ecosystem based approach
Must involve ALL STAKEHOLDERS of different sectors involved
Plans are LONG TERM ( Maritime Spatial plans - MSPs)
ICZM vs SMP
CZM involves not just the narrow management of coastline ( managing flooding and erosion ; sea level rise and extreme weather events ) but also offers solutions to ECONOMIC , CULTURAL , BROADER ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ( biodiversity / habitat destruction ), STAKEHOLDER CONFLICT , POPULATION NEEDS
ICZM are international whereas SMP can be either national or local in scale