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Organization of an ecosystem (B7) - Coggle Diagram
Organization of an ecosystem (B7)
Levels of organisation
Begin with a producer
They are always photosynthetic organisms (plants or green algae)
Through photosynthesis they make glucose which is used to make biological molecules in the plant which makes up the biomass
Primary consumer
Energy is transferred through organisms in an ecosystem when eaten by each other
Eats producers
Secondary consumer
Eat primary consumers
Tertiary consumer
Eat secondary consumers
Apex predator
Decomposers
Bacteria an fungi that break down dead organisms through decomposition - They release enzymes onto the dead matter so plants can absorb the nutrients
Required practical
Transects and quadrats
Choose a starting point where the grass is cut often
Use random numbers to generate a set of coordinates for the quadrats
Count the number of a common species in that quadrat
Repeat steps two and three 14 times using dfferent random numbers for coordinates
Repeat steps 1-4 for a place in the field where grass is infrequently cut
Compare by calculating a mean for each area
Predator and prey cycles
If the population of prey increases, the population of predators will also increase
When the predators increase, they begin to decrease as more predators are eating them
When the prey decreases, the predators also decrease as there isn't enough food to feed the predators which allows the prey population to increase again
How materials are cycled
Carbon cycles
CO2 removed from the air from photosynthesis as the plants use it to make carbohydrates, proteins and fats
CO2 is returned when organisms respire (including decomposers)
CO2 is returned when wood and fossil fuels are burnt as they contain carbon from photosynthesis
Water cycle
Water vapour from evaporation and transpiration in plants
Rises and condenses to become clouds
Returned to land through precipitation
Runs into seas and other bodies of water to start again