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THE 1917 REVOLUTIONS, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE 1917 REVOLUTIONS
The February Revolution:
the provisional government
In February 1917
there was a successful revolution
of workers in Petrograd
previously called St Petersburg
supported by
soldiers
peasants
They protested about
the disasters of the WWI
the shortage of food
demanded Russia's withdrawal
from the war
Tsar Nicholas II
was forced to abdicate
The new government
proclaimed Russia a republic
began to set up a democratic regime
They legalised political parties
called elections for
the end of the year
with universal male suffrage
to establish a Constituent assembly
that would write a constitution
The Bolsheviks
led by Lenin
gained the support
of the soviets after the distribution of
the April theses
a political programme in
which the demands of the workers
soldiers and peasants were met
the soviets were recognised as the supreme power
Despite these political reforms
the provisional government failed
because they did not keep their promise
to redistribute land among
the peasants
above all
they did not withdraw from the war
A parallel government
was created led by the Petrograd Soviet
which demanded the immediate withdrawal
of Russia from the war
In March 1917
a provisional government was formed of
liberals
Menshevik socialists led by
Alexander Kerensky
The October Revolution:
the Bolshevik government
the Bolsheviks
They established a new proletarian government
organised into soviets
led by Lenin and Trotsky
attacked the Winter Palace in Petrograd
the seat of the Provisional Government
Lenin became Russia's leader
when he died in 1924
Stalin succeeded him
called the Council of
People's Commissars
In 1918
the first actions of Lenin's government:
to sign
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
with Germany
which allowed Russia
to withdraw from the war
However
in return
Russia agreed to give
1 more item...
to expropiate
land
redistribute
it among
the peasants
give the control of industries
to the workers' committees
to change the name of
the Bolshevik party to
the Communist Party
make it the only legal
political party
to found the
Third International
also called the Comintern
to coordinate all the communist parties
around the world
In January 1918
a civil war broke out in Russia
1918–1921
between
counter-revolutionaries
the tsarists
liberals
Mensheviks
who formed the White Army
Bolshevik forces
the Red Army
led by Trotsky
who defended the new government
The White Army forces
were supported by the
Allied powers of
France
Great Britain
Japan
United States
who wanted Russia to re-open
the Eastern Front against Germany
Ultimately
however
the White Army was defeated
In 1917 there was a revolution
which took place in two phases:
the liberal-bourgeois revolution
in February
the socialist-proletariat revolution
in October
