ARP

Purpose of ARP:

Used to mediate between ethernet (or other broadcast link-level protocols) and the network layer, or IP protocols.

Difference between IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4

Has 32-bit address length

IPv6

Supports manual and DHCP configuration

Has 128-bit address length

Supports auto-configuration and renumbering

End-to-end connection integrity is unachievable

End-to-end connection integrity is achievable

Encryption and authentication is not provided

Encryption and authentication is provided

Has a broadcast message transmission scheme

Has Multicast and Anycast message transmission scheme

Q: . Explain why the IPv4 protocol requires other layers to provide reliability.

A: The protocol does not provide any functionality for error recovering for datagrams that are either duplicated, lost or arrive to the remote host in another order than they are send.

Checksumfield is available

Sender and forwarding routers performs fragmentation

Checksumfield is not available

Q: Explain how network devices use routing tables to direct packets to a destination network.

Fragmentation is performed only by the sender

Security features relies on application

Has an inbuilt security feature named IPSEC

  1. When a data packet comes to a router port, the router reads address information in packet to determine out which port the packet will be sent.
  1. When a packet arrives at a Router, it examines destination IP address of a received packet and make routing decisions accordingly.
  1. A routing table lists all networks for which routes are known.
  1. If there’s a match, the packet is forwarded using the specified information in the routing table.