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Bowlby's monotropic attachment theory 1969 - Coggle Diagram
Bowlby's monotropic attachment theory 1969
Evolutionary perspective (Darwinism)
natural selection
ppl w/ good attachment will adapt
indiv. differences evolved to provide us w/ adaptive advantage →
terms of survival & reprod.
MAT - Why?
Lorenz study made B assume animals & humans attach in similar ways
→ attachment behav. improves survival chances - well attached infant will be more protected
How?
critical period
around 3-6m
→ failed to form attachment means difficulty to form in later life
disagrees w/
Learning theorists
idea that food was a drive → INSTEAD proposed
sensitivity importance
→ suggest more responsive & accessible CG likely to form stronger bonds
Idea of
monotropy
- infants form 1 special bond
usually primary CG
explains
social releasers
are important during
CP
ie babbling
→ make CG want to look after infant
infants form
secondary
attachments that are import. for
emotional safety & psychological development
social releasers →
innate mechanisms
that explain formation of attach.
Consequences
primary attach. becomes mental representation for relationships
→ IWM
IWM consequences
ST - allows infant to understand CG behav.& how to influence behav. to form partnership
LT - template for future relation.
proposed
continuity hypothesis
- strongly attached infants continue to be socially & emotionally competent adults
Minnesota parent-child study 1975-pres
explore social relation. experiences, thoughts of indiv. on exper. & issues of
continuity & change
variety of ages, home life etc.
267 first time
mums recruited
assessment of mothers -
character. , circumstances, parental care & expect.
subsequent tests - parents tested, kids temperaments, parent-child interactions
early adulthood - tested
adaption
- now 36 assessing their
competence
in adult roles
non conclusive
- still ongoing
STRENGTHS
Support for
Continuity hypothesis
→
Hazan & Shaver
found correlation between infant attachments & adult attachments consistent with IWM
real world application
→ adoption during CP = useful for greater chance of healthy adulthood
WEAKNESS
opposing studies
→
Schaffer & Emerson
- show multiple attachments between Infants & CG
Critical Period
challenged
kids deprived of close relations. still go on to form good relations later in life
→
Czech twin study
- rescued from abuse at 7