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Major Structure Differences Of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes & Their…

- - - - Gram positive
        
        Purple colour after Gram stain
        
        Has thick peptidoglycan layer
        
        heavily interwoven structure that wraps around the cell
        
        Very sensitive to the action of
        
        Penicillin
        
        Lysozyme
        
        Example bacteria
        
        Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
        
        Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat)
        
        Staphylococcus aureus (skin bacterium)
      - Gram negative
        
        Pinkish red colour after Gram stain
        
        Peptidoglycan is much thinner
        
        Have more complicated structure
        
        Outside cytoplasmic membrane consist Periplasmic Space
        
        External to the peptidoglycan layer is Outer Membrane (OM)
        
        Examples of bacteria
        
        Vibrio cholerae (cholera disease)
        
        Nisseria gonnorhea (gonnorhea)
        
        Escherichia coli (skin bacterium)
  - - - Occurs in both G+ve & G-ve
      - Consist of three part
        
        Long filament
        
        Hook structure
        
        Basal body
      - Can be sheared from the cell surface without affect the
        viability of the bacterial cell
      - Its number& distributions can be used to identifying
      - Types
        
        Monotrichous
        
        Lophotrichous
        
        Amphitrichous
        
        Petrichous
      - Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria have different flagella configuration
    - - Occur almost on G-ve
      - Proteins pili are referred to as pilins
      - More rigid in appearance than flagella
      - The sex pili attach „male‟ to „female‟ bacterial cell
        during conjugation
  - - - Pathogenic
      - Saprophytic
    - - Comma forms
        
        Vibrio
      - Spore forming rods
        
        Bacillus
        
        Reproduce when they thought they will die
      - Branching rod
        
        Actinomyces
      - Spiral forms
        
        Spirochaeta
        
        Comes in 3 forms
        
        Spirillum (thick, rigid spiral)
        
        Spirochete (thin, flexible spiral)
        
        Vibrio (Curved/comma shaped rod)
      - Club-shaped rod
        
        Corynecbacterium
      - Coccus
        
        Staphylococcus
        
        Cell arrangement
        
        Division in two plane (tetrad)
        
        Division in three plane (cluster)
        
        Division in plane
        
        Chain
        
        Diplococci
      - Straight rods
        
        Escherichia coli.
- - - - Capsule:organized
      - Slime layer:unorganized& loose
  - - - Long filament
        
        External to the cell surface
      - Hook structure at the end of filament
        
        To anchor at basal body
      - Basal body
        
        Imparts motion to the flagellum
    - - provided by conterclockwise rotation of the basal
        body,
        
        causes the filament to whirl.
  - - - Pressure up to 75lb/in2
    - - Protects bacterial cell from osmotic lysis
      - Determines the shape of the cell
    - - Enzyme lysozyme found in tear
      - Saliva breaks down cell wall compenents
  - - - Facilitates infection
      - A key virulence characteristic.
    - - Thereby to colonise specific surfaces
    - - A small number (1 – 6) of very long pili
- - - - via meiosis
  - - - Carbohydrates
      - Sterols
    - - Phagocytosis
      - Pinocytosis
  - - - 40S subunits
      - 60S subunits
- - - - No mitosis
    - - No meiosis
  - - - Sterols
      - Carbohydrates
  - - - 30S subunits
      - 50S subunits
  - - - Not surround by a membrane