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changes in family structure - Coggle Diagram
changes in family structure
Functionalism
Parsons
: industrialisation brought in nuclear fam
Pre- industrial: extended families, live and work together. Cottage industry, work agriculturally, eat what they grow
Industrial: nuclear family, work for a wage. industrialisation separates home and work
parsons:
family structure adapts to society. functions of the extended family taken over by the state (health , education), nuclear family can now focus on socialisation.
nuclear family is isolated more geographical mobility cus few ties with fam or economic systems
pre-industrial status= ascribed, industrial= achieved, argue there is more social mobility, Parsons argues roles for women and men in fam are most effective for society
crits
Laslett
argues nuclear fam was most popular pre-industrial as well, the extended fam was also significant in industrial society (lived with relatives from extended fam in city)
Willmott and young
: tested theory that nuclear fam is dominant form in modern industrial society
Their conclusion British fam developed thru 3 stages, dropped 4th stage, not enough evidence
early industrial:
extended family is broken up, men leave home to work women at home have strong kinship ties
Privatised nuclear:*
symmetrical family* and family is based on consumption not production
pre-industrial:
work and home are combined, family works together
Asymmetrical:
male/ female roles are now asymmetrical as men get more leisure time
crits
ignore neg aspects of nuclear fam e.g. domestic violence
feminists argue equal roles in symmetrical fam don't exist
'march of progress'
theorists, assume family gets better and better
social policy:
laws to influence family life: divorce, changes to benefit system, adoption
Donzelot:
social policy can be used to control families.
1979 Conservative government
: new right, nuclear fam best, UK was a '
nanny state
' with too much gov control
reduced state intervention- cut benefits, taxes lowered, make individuals more responsible
legislated to protect trad fam
1989 children act
: outlined rights of the child
wanted to make divorce more difficult,
1 year cooling off period
for divorce. abandoned cus too difficult
1993 child support agency
: force absent parents to pay towards their children
2015 con
cap on child benefits
- fams with 3 or more children wouldn't receive and increase in child tax credits or housing benefit
Smith
- limiting child benefit to first 2 kids will promote '
behavioural change
' and discourage having too many children
1997 New labour:
'the third way'
lab and con mix
any co-habituating couple can adopt, introduced civil partnerships for gay peeps
cut lone-parent benefits, opposed to universal benefits, marriage is preferred
2010 Coalition government
: cons and lib dems
reduced welfare bill, capped housing benefit at £500 a week for couples and single parents
pledged to remove 'couples penalty', had better benefits if they lived apart
legalised same sex marriage