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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION, image, image, image, image,…
RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Religious wars
But they referred to themselves as the Reformed.
The Protestant German princes supported Luther and formed an alliance called the Schmalkaldic League.
Catholics considered the Lutherans Protestants
A civil war broke out in 1547 (Battle of Mühlberg)
Various meetings took place, such as the Diet of Worms,
The Emperor and the Catholic German princes defeated the League
Carlos I, the Catholic Monarchs' grandson and King of Spain, was appointed Emperor in 1519
Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555
It was unsuccessful because he received the protection of the German nobles.
This agreement provoked a series of religious wars:
In the Low Countries, the Dutch War of Independence or Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) took place.
In the British Isles, the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651) took place.
In France, wars between Catholics and Protestants continued into the second half of the 16th century.
In 1521, the Church excommunicated Luther
Consequences of religious division in Europe:
The Pope and the Emperor became less influential.
Protestant kings and nobles gained more power
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other
THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Religious, intellectual and political movement led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation.
Council of Trent, was held between 1545 and 1563.
Established the Catholic Church’s course of action in three main areas
Internal reform
Measures were taken to resolve internal corruption.
Repression of Protestantism
The Inquisition was reinforced
Clarification of their teachings
The dogmas and principles that the Protestants had rejected were maintained.
